پديد آورندگان :
كلاهي حشمت، فريده دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تهران مركز، تهران، ايران , افروز، غلامعلي دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ايران - گروه روان شناسي , استكي، مهناز دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تهران مركز، تهران، ايران - گروه روان شناسي
كليدواژه :
اختلالات هيجاني و رفتاري , سلامت روان , مداخلات خانواده محور , والدين
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: بر اساس بررسي‌ها، سلامت روان والدين كودكان داراي اختلال هيجاني و رفتاري در خطر است. اين والدين به‌منظور ارتقاي سلامت روان خويش نياز به مهارت‌‌هايي دارند. يكي از راه‌هاي كسب اين مهارت‌ها مداخلات خانوادهمحور است. هدف پژوهش حاضر طراحي برنامهٔ جامع مداخلات خانوادهمحور و ارزيابي اثربخشي آن بر سلامت روان والدين كودكان با اختلالهاي هيجاني و رفتاري بود.
روش بررسي: پژوهش حاضر نيمه‌تجربي با پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعهٔ پژوهش را تمامي والدين داراي كودك با اختلالهاي هيجاني و رفتاري ساكن شهر تهران در سال 97-1396 تشكيل دادند. آزمودني‌ها 30 خانواده (30 پدر و 30 مادر) بودند كه با روش نمونه‌گيري هدف‌مند از ميان والدين مراجعه‌كننده و ارجاع‌شده به مركز سلامت روان جامعه‌نگر انتخاب شدند كه داراي كودكان با اختلالات هيجاني و رفتاري بودند. سپس به‌شكل تصادفي در يك گروه مداخله (30 پدر و مادر) و يك گواه (30 پدر و مادر) قرار گرفتند. گردآوري داده‌ها ازطريق پرسشنامهٔ سلامت رواني (گلدبرگ و هيلر، 1979) انجام پذيرفت. براي گروه آزمايشي، دوازده جلسه آموزش به‌مدت سه ماه و هر هفته 90 دقيقه اجرا شد؛ درحالي‌كه گروه گواه هيچ مداخلهٔ مشخصي دريافت نكرد. سپس نتايج پس‌آزمون با روش تحليل كوواريانس چندمتغيري در محيط SPSS نسخهٔ 23 در سطح معناداري 0٫01 بررسي شد.
يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه مداخلهٔ مذكور باعث تغيير معناداري در گروه آزمايش در ميانگين نمرهٔ كل سلامت روان مي‌شود (0٫001>p) و نيز اين تفاوت براي تمامي زير‌مقياس‌هاي سلامت روان ازجمله نشانه‌هاي جسماني (0٫008=p)، اضطراب و بي‌خوابي (0٫001=p)، نارساكنش‌وري اجتماعي (0٫001=p) و افسردگي (0٫001=p) معنادار است.
نتيجه‌گيري: براساس يافته‌هاي پژوهش، مداخلات خانوادهمحور كه توسط محققان اين پژوهش تدوين شده است، بر بهبود سلامت روان پدران و مادران كودكان با اختلالات هيجاني و رفتاري مؤثر است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Mental and behavioral disorders are crucial issues in each community. This is because individuals’ early–life experiences form the foundation of their future mental health status. Emotional and behavioral disorders usually stem from the inappropriate
interaction of children with the surrounding environment. Studies have suggested that the mental health status of the parents of children with emotional and behavioral disorders is at risk and they require skills to improve those. One of the ways to gain these skills is using family–based
interventions. The present study aimed to design a comprehensive family–based intervention program and evaluate its effects on the mental
health status of the parents of children with emotional and behavioral disorders.
Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The study population consisted of all the
parents of children diagnosed with emotional and behavioral disorders living in Tehran City, Iran, in 2017–2018. The study sample consisted of
30 families (30 fathers & 30 mothers; N=60) referring to the Community Mental Health Center. They had children with emotional and behavioral
disorders. They were selected by convenience sampling method; they were then randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The
necessary data were collected by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). This 28–item questionnaire has 4
subscales of physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and depression. After sampling, the mental health questionnaire
was distributed among all study participants, and under equal conditions, the pretest data were collected by an independent assessor. The control
group received no intervention other than the pretest. The intervention group received a family–oriented treatment program. The intervention
group received a family–based psychological intervention. The intervention was complementary and consisted of fifteen 90–minute weekly
sessions of group consultations for 3 months. Next, the post–test results were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA)
at a significance level of 0.01. In the present study, comprehensive family–centered interventions were educational and psychotherapeutic
programs designed for parents in the form of individual and group counseling sessions. This program was developed based on a combination of
family–centered intervention programs by Afrooz and Minoo (2015) and Mehri et al. (2016), as well as an intervention designed by McKay et
al. (2017), as family–centered programs. Cognitive–Behavioral counseling methods were also used to modify the negative attitudes and beliefs
of families, reduce stress, teach coping skills, and better adjustment of spouses in the intervention. Therefore, the presented program was an
integrated protocol. To observe the ethical observations, after the completion of the study, the control group received the same treatment as well.
Furthermore, the subjects of the two groups were tested by a posttest.
Results: The MANCOVA results indicated that (considering pretest scores as a covariant variable), the difference between the treatment and
control groups was significant concerning the total and all subscale scores of a mental health test. Thus, the provided family–based psychological
intervention reduced the total score of mental health (p<0.001), physical disorders (p=0.008), anxiety and insomnia (p=0.001), social dysfunction
(p=0.001), and depression (p=0.001) in the explored parents (p=0.05). Based on the Eta–Squared, 11%–86% of these differences were due to
treatment.
Conclusion: The present study data indicated that the presented family–based psychological intervention designed by the researchers was
effective in improving the mental health status of the studied parents of children with emotional–behavioral disorders. Accordingly, it is
recommended to employ the above–mentioned intervention program in different clinical populations, e.g., hyperactive children, children with
special disorders or chronic physical complications, and so on.
