ملاحظه و بررسي انتقادي ازخودبيگانگي فطري كارل ياسپرس از منظر علامه طباطبايي

Critical Analysis Of Innate Alienation In The Philosophical Anthropology Of Jaspers, Based On The Viewpoint Of Allameh Tabatabai

هدف: هدف اصلي اين نوشتار، بررسي ازخودبيگانگي فطري در انسان‌شناسي فلسفي ياسپرس از منظر علامه طباطبايي بود. ياسپرس از روش پديدارشناسانه به جاي تحليل فلسفي بهره برد و با ذاتي انسان قرار دادن آزادي مطلق، اوليات ذاتي و فطرت الهي را مورد ترديد قرار داد و آن را ناقض وجودِ اگزيستانسي بشر معرفي كرد؛ در حالي كه علامه به روش تحليلي اوليات فطري، اصل عليت را اساس خودآگاهي و راه عبور ازخودبيگانگي دانسته، آزادي را ابزاري براي اهداف فطري معرفي كرد. اگر علامه ازخودبيگانگي فطري را غفلت و نسيان اوليات فطري دانسته، ياسپرس با مباني «فلسفۀ وجود» خود، التزام به قيود پيشيني، مانند فطريات را ازخودبيگانگي دانسته است.يافته ها و نتيجه گيري:پژوهش حاضر با ارزيابي مباني معرفتي دو انديشمند، ذاتي بودن فطريات را ثابت كرده و بي‌توجهي به آگاهي‌هاي فطري را عامل ازخودبيگانگي دانست.

Objectives: The purpose of the present survey is to study innate alienation in the philosophical anthropology of Jaspers, through the viewpoint of Allameh Tabatabai and to present some critiques. Method: the method of the research is a library- documantry method. Results: Jaspers used the phenomenological method instead of philosophical analysis and identified absolute freedom inherent in human beings, thus questioned the inherent basics and divine nature and presented it as the violating factor of human existence, while Allameh, using the analytical method, defined innate basics, such as the principle of causality, as the basis of self-awareness and the way to overcome alienation, and introduced freedom as a tool for innate goals. If Allameh found innate alienation causing of neglecting the innate basics, with the principles of his "philosophy of existence", considered adherence to a priori restrictions such as innate affairs as alienation. Conclusion: The present study, through evaluating the epistemological foundations of two thinkers, has proved the nature of the innates and introduced the inattention to innate consciousness as a factor of alienation.