كليدواژه :
اعتدال , حضور قلب , معماري اسلامي , مسجد , دوره قاجار
چكيده فارسي :
رعايت جانب اعتدال از ويژگيهاي آفرينش خداوندي است. انسان نيز اگر داعيه خليفه اللهي دارد، بايد در حد توان خويش متصف به صفات الهي بوده و ساختههاي بشري كه معماري نيز بخشي از آن است، از اين خصلت برخوردار باشند. در اين پژوهش براي پاسخگويي به سوال چگونگي ارتباط بين اعتدال در معماري مساجد با ايجاد حس حضور قلب در اين فضا، با روش توصيفي تحليلي، در گام نخست به شناخت مفهوم مورد نظر اسلام از اعتدال پرداخته شد و با معرفي تقرب به عنوان ملاك اعتدال، نحوه حصول مقام قرب الهي مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. در گام بعدي با بررسي حضور قلب به عنوان يكي از عوامل تقرب، مصاحبه نيمه ساختار يافتهاي در همين خصوص، حول سه سامانه تشكيل دهنده مكان، يعني سامانه كالبدي- فضايي، سامانه جمعي- رفتاري و سامانه ادراكي- دريافتي، در سه مسجد منتخب محدوده بازار تهران، انجام شد كه هر سه مسجد به لحاظ قدمت، موقعيت مكاني، ويژگيهاي كالبدي و جامعه مراجعين، شرايط نسبتا يكساني داشتند. در ادامه با تحليل محتواي مصاحبهها، پرسشنامهاي نيز جهت پايايي پژوهش، از دل مقولات مستخرج تدوين و در جامعه آماري وسيعتري در مساجد مذكور به آزمون گذاشته شد و در انتها پرسشنامهها توسط نرم افزار اسپياساس 26 و ليزرل و تركيبي از دو آزمون تيتك نمونهاي و تحليل عاملي تأييدي مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند. نتايج تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه محيط مساجد مذكور، در كل تاثير مطلوبي بر ايجاد حضور قلب در افراد داشته و در اين بين، سامانه ادراكي تأثيرگذاري بيشتر و سامانه كالبدي تأثيرگذاري كمتري دارد و به همين نسبت، ميتوان هر يك از سامانههاي محيطي را نزديك به طريق اعتدال تصور كرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Observance of moderation is one of the characteristics of Godchr('39')s creation. If a person claims to be the caliph of God, he should be characterized by divine attributes to the best of his ability, and human constructions, of which architecture is a part, should have this characteristic. In this study, to answer the question of how the relationship between moderation in the architecture of mosques by creating a sense of the presence of the heart in this space, by descriptive-analytical method, in the first step, the concept of Islam of moderation was introduced and intimacy was introduced as a criterion of moderation. How to attain the position of nearness to God was examined. In the next step, by examining the presence of the heart as one of the factors of proximity, a semi-structured interview in this regard, around the three systems that make up the place, namely the physical-spatial system, collective-behavioral system and perceptual-perceptual system, in three selected mosques Mosques of Tehran Bazaar area (Sepahsalar Mosque, Imam Mosque and Tehran Grand Bazaar Mosque). all three mosques had relatively the same conditions in terms of age, location, physical characteristics and community of clients. Then, by analyzing the content of the interviews, a questionnaire was developed for the reliability of the research from the extracted categories and tested in the wider statistical community in the mentioned mosques. Finally, the questionnaires were examined by SPSS 26 software and LISREL and a combination of two-sample T-test and confirmatory factor analysis. The results show that the environment of these mosques, in general, has a favorable effect on the presence of the heart in people, and in the meantime, Physical-spatial characteristics in the environment of the tested mosques, among all environmental systems, have the least positive effect on creating a sense of presence of the heart; The collective-behavioral characteristics are in the second place in this respect and the perceptual-receiving characteristics of the mosques under study have the most positive effect on the presence of heart in individuals. and accordingly, any of the environmental systems can be approached Imagined in moderation. Regarding each of the measures of the structure of environmental systems, the "elements in the space of mosques" under study can be considered as the most effective measure of the physical-spatial system in creating a sense of the presence of the heart; "How people act and how they relate to each other" in the mosques under study is the most effective measure of collective-behavioral system in creating the presence of the heart and "sense of belonging due to familiarity with the building blocks" is the most effective measure of perceptual system The heart is examined in the space of mosques.