ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻌﺎ ﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ

Factors Affecting the Extension and Development of Organic Farming Activities

اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮي ﺑﻪ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ و ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ، ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ارﻗﺎم ﭘﺮﻣﺤﺼﻮل، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ژﻧﺘﯿﮏ داراي اﺛﺮات ﻣﺨﺮب ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻟﺬا ﺗﻼشﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از راه ﺣﻞﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﮐﺸﺎورزي ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ، ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ، ﻧﻈﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻀﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، واﮐﺎوي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ در ﺑﯿﻦ زارﻋﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از 67ﮐﺸﺎورز در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﯽ ﺻﻮري و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺘﺎدان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه و ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي و اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. داﻣﻨﻪ ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﯿﻦ 0/6ﺗﺎ 0/91ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از داده ﻫﺎي دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن داﻧﺶ اﺻﻮل ﮐﺸﺎورزي ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ، ﻧﮕﺮش ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ، ﻧﮕﺮش ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن، آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﺘﺪاول و ﻧﮕﺮش ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش ﮐﺸﺎورزان و رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي آﻧﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دارﻧﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﺸﻮﯾﻖ زارﻋﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Increasing human societies' need for food security and the development of new science and technology, such as the production of high-yielding cultivars, the use of chemical inputs and genetic engineering, have devastating effects on the environment and natural resources. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to introduce alternative agriculture as one of the ways to achieve sustainable development. Organic farming is a type of sustainable agriculture with the aim of creating integrated, systematic and humane agricultural production systems that are not in conflict with environmental and economic benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting organic farming activities among farmers in Bushehr Province. Using a survey, this study collected data from 67 farmers in two regions of Bushehr Province using stratified random sampling method. The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by university professors and Jihad Keshavarzi Research Center and a pilot study, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.6 to 0.91. The findings of structural equation models of the both regions revealed that factors such as knowledge of organic farming principles, attitude toward environmental conservation, attitude toward human health, attitude to conventional agriculture consequences and attitude toward reference group were the main determinants of farmers` attitude and behaviors toward organic farming systems. Finally, suggestions are presented to encourage farmers to use organic farming.