ارزيابي ژنوتيپ‌هاي توتون شرقي (Nicotiana tabacum L.) با استفاده از شاخص‌هاي گزينش، تحت شرايط حضور و عدم حضور گل‌جاليز

Evaluation of oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes using selection indices under the presence and absence of broomrape

ﺗﻮﺗﻮن Nicotiana tabacum L از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ دارد. اﺻﻼحﮔﺮان ﻧﺒﺎت ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ، ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ اﺻﻼح ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. اﻧﺘﺨﺎبِ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن و ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺷﺎﺧﺺِ ﺳﺎده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺗﻮن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ، 92 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺗﻮﺗﻮن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ و ﺗﻨﺒﺎﮐﻮ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل )ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ( و ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ در ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺗﻮن اروﻣﯿﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺻﻔﺎت آﮔﺮوﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ )اﺳﻤﯿﺖ-ﻫﯿﺰل(، ﭘﺎﯾﻪ )ﺑﺮﯾﻢ(، ﺳﻮد ﻣﻄﻠﻮب )ﭘﺴﮏ- ﺑﯿﮑﺮ( و راﺑﯿﻨﺴﻮن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻫﻤﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ( ﺑﺮاي ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺗﻮن و ﺗﻨﺒﺎﮐﻮ در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل )ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ( و ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ و وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮگ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽِ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ، از ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﺳﻤﯿﺖ-ﻫﯿﺰل و ﺑﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب )ΔH( را در ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل )ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ( و ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ و وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮگ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ( و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ و وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺷﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮگ و وزن ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد )وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺮگ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ دو ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ارزش اﺻﻼﺣﯽ و داﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﻻي ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ 24 )H.T.I ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل )ﻋﺪم ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ( و ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻞﺟﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪ.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is one of the industrial plants and is important in the economy of many countries. Plant breeders are usually interested in modifing and breeding several traits simultaneously in their breeding programs. Index selection is the selection of several traits simultaneously based on a simple index. In order to construct and evaluate tobacco genotypes using selection indices, 92 oriental and water pipe’s tobacco genotypes were studied in terms of agro-biological traits using a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal (absence of broomrape) and presence of broomrape conditions during two successive years in Urmia Tobacco Research Centre. Selection indices including optimal selection (Smith-Hazel), Base (Brim), desired gain (Pesek-Baker) and Robinson were calculated based on all the studied traits (including: flowering date, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of leaf, fresh and dry weights of root, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts) for studied genotypes in both normal (absence of broomrape) and broomrape presence conditions. The results of the direct and correlated response of traits showed that the genotypes with more value for leaf area and fresh weight of leaf and aerial parts had potentially a higher performance. Selection based on Smith-Hazel and Brim indices which had the highest selection efficiency (DH) in both normal (absence of broomrape) and presence of broomrape, resulted in increasing the leaf area and fresh weight in normal conditions and leaf area and fresh weight of aerial parts in broomrape stress conditions. On the other hand, fresh weight of leaf and aerial parts were the traits with highest correlated response with dry weight of leaf, therefore, these two indices with the highest correlation with breeding value and with the highest relative efficiency of selection were presented as the best indices. Accordingly, genotype 24 (H.T.I) was introduced as the best genotype under normal (without broomrape stress) and broomrape stress conditions.