مديريت رشد كلانشهر تهران بر پايه شاخص رشد هوشمندانه(SGI): كاربست تكنيك چهار دي(4D) در برآورد مسافت طي‌شده وسيله نقليه(VMT)

Management of Tehran Metropolis Growth Based on Smart Growth Index (SGI): Application of 4D Technique in Estimating Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻬﺮي، رﺷﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ازﺣﺪ آن ﻫﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮐﻼن ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ رﺷﺪ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه در اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ آﺛﺎر و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي- ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽِ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ، »ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ رﺷﺪ ﺷﻬﺮي« اﺳﺖ. »ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ رﺷﺪ ﺷﻬﺮي« ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ راﻫﺒﺮد ﻋﻤﻠﯽ در ﻃﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ، ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ رﺷﺪ ﮐﻼن ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ را در ﻣﺴﯿﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﺗﺮ و ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪﺗﺮ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ. ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي در ﺑﺮآورد ﮐﻤّﯽِ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ رﺷﺪ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻣﺪل »ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رﺷﺪ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪ«)SGI( اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ، ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ »ﭼﻬﺎر دي«)4D(، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﻈﺮي و ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮑﯽ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﮐﻼن ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان را ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪ و در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ رﺷﺪ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ »ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ«، »ﺗﻨﻮع«، »ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ« و »دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ« در ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ- ﺣﻤﻞ وﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﯽ ﺷﺪه وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ و درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل رﺷﺪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮐﻼن ﺷﻬﺮي ﺗﻬﺮان ﺷﻮد.

One of the most important issues in the cities is their overgrowth into metropolises. This increasing growth can often be associated with many environmental, socio-cultural, and economic-political effects and consequences. One of the most effective approaches to deal with this issue would be "urban growth management". Over the past few decades, Urban Growth Management (UGM) as a practical strategy has tried through some approaches, policies, and plans to guide the metropolitan growth process in a more sustainable and smart direction. One of the most important and practical models in quantitative estimation of urban growth conditions has been the "Smart Growth Index" (SGI) which has used a variety of techniques, including the "4D" technique. With reference to such a theoretical and technical background, this article has analyzed the metropolis of Tehran based on some smart growth indexes and in the framework of the urban growth management approach. The results obtained in this article have shown that a positive intervention in the condition of density, diversity, design, and accessibility in land use-transportation interactions can have a significant effect on the vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and thus reduce the mobilities and controlling urban growth in Tehran mega-polis region.