تعيين مقاومت ژنوتيپ‌هاي گندم نسبت به بيماري پوسيدگي‌ ريشه ناشي از Bipolaris sorokiniana و برهمكنش آن با قارچ‌هاي Fusarium culmorum و F. pseudograminearum در شرايط گلخانه

Determination of wheat genotypes resistance to the root rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and its interaction with Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum in greenhouse

در تحقيق حاضر، 66 ژنوتيپ گندم نان و دوروم از نظر مقاومت به بيماري‌هاي ناشي از قارچ‌هاي Bipolaris sorokiniana،Fusarium pseudograminearum و F. culmorumبه‌تنهايي و در تلفيق با B. sorokiniana در شرايط گلخانه مورد آزمايش قرار گرفتند. نتايج نشان‌داد كه 11 ژنوتيپ C-87-11، C-87-18، BACANORA /3/MASON/JGR//PECOS، 05899G01-2، F06580G2-1، F06659G6-1، McCormick/Trego، VA01W-205/TX99D4628، .GA951079-3-5/Neuse، Owl,85224*-3H-*o-HOH/7/T.SPH/2*H567.71//4/CMH79.959/6/Gaspard و AWD99*5725/FL9547 در برابر بيماري ناشي از B. sorokiniana و تلفيق آن با گونه‌هاي فوزاريوم، نسبتاً مقاوم بودند و از بين آن‌ها، سه ژنوتيپ C-87-11، GA951079-3-5 / Neuse و 05899G01-2 در برابر بيماري ناشي از تلفيق هر سه گونه قارچي مقاوم‌تر بودند كه براي مطالعات بيشتر در زمينه به‌نژادي توصيه مي‌شوند .تجزيه خوشه‌اي ژنوتيپ‌هاي گندم و اثرات متقابل تركيبات قارچي استفاده شده روي آن‌ها، توانست ژنوتيپ‌هاي مختلف با حساسيت و مقاومت نسبي را به‌خوبي از يكديگر جدا نمايد، ژنوتيپ‌هاي نسبتاً مقاوم در گروه سه دندروگرام‌هاي مزبور‌ قرار گرفتند.

Fungal species Fusarium pseudograminearum, F. culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana are the most economically important pathogens causing crown and root rot of cereals. The use of resistant cultivars can be the most efficient measure to reduce the effect of this disease. As an alternative strategy, screening of resistant wheat genotypes has been emphasized in the recent studies. This research was conducted to evaluate level of resistance of 66 genotypes of bread wheat and durum wheat to B. sorokiniana, F. pseudograminearum and F. culmorum isolates in greenhouse condition. These experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design with seven replications in greenhouse condition. The results showed that, 11 genotypes including C-87-11, C-87-18, BACANORA /3/MASON/JGR//PECOS, 05899G01-2, F06580G2-1, F06659G6-1, McCormick/Trego, VA01W-205/TX99D4628, GA951079-3-5/Neuse, Owl,85224*-3H-*o-HOH/7/T.SPH/2*H567.71//4/CMH79.959/6/Gaspard and AWD99*5725/FL9547 were moderately resistant to diseases caused by B. sorokiniana isolates and its combination with F. pseudograminearum and F. culmorum. Among these genotypes, three genotypes C-87-11, GA951079-3-5 / Neuse and 05899G01-2 were resistant to the combination of all diseases caused by these three fungal species. These genotypes have potential to be incorporated into wheat breeding programs. Cluster analysis of reaction of wheat genotypes to all diseases caused by these three fungal species, as well as to different combination of them were able to separate susceptibe and relatively resistant genotypes from each other. In both dendrograms, genotypes that were relatively resistant to disease caused byB. sorokiniana and its combination with other diseases caused by fungal species were grouped into cluster 3.