بررسي مؤلفه‌هاي تمدن ساز در تاريخ اسلام از منظر محمد عابد جابري

A Study of the Components of Civilization in the History of Islam from the Perspective of Mohammad Abed Jaberi

ﭘﺲ از ﺿﻌﻒ ﺗﻤﺪن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺮوع ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﯽ، ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﻤﺪن، ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در آن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺮده و در ﻗﯿﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺪن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺪن ﺳﺎز آن ﻣﻄﺮح ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ. ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ ﺟﺎﺑﺮي از اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان و ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮان ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ روﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﻼم ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺪن ﺳﺎز از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺟﺎﺑﺮي ﮐﺪام اﺳﺖ؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺮي در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺗﻤ ّﺪن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي ﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ، ﻏﻨﯿﻤﺖ و ﻗﺒﯿﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ دارد و درﺻﺪد اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮدي اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم ﺑﭙﺮدازد. از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺟﺎﺑﺮي راﻫﮑﺎر ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در ﮔﺮو ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﯿﺎت زﻣﺎﻧﻪ، ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ دﻧﯿﺎي ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺳﯽ، ﻧﻮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﻋﻘﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ.

After the weakness of Islamic civilization and in contrast to the beginning of the process of growth and development in Western countries, Islamic thinkers have paid more attention to the subject of civilization, what and its influential factors than ever before and compared to Western civilization new approaches to the evolution of Islamic societies and indicators of civilization. The instrument has been proposed. Mohammad Abed Jaberi is one of the contemporary thinkers and thinkers who has analyzed and studied the political and social developments in the history of Islam under the influence of the developments in Western societies. Using a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies, the present article addresses the main question: what are the components of civilization from Jabri's point of view? Findings show that Jaberi considers the key role of the three elements of belief, booty, and tribe in the study of the history of Islamic culture and civilization and tries to analyze the contemporary political developments in the Islamic world with a critical approach. From Jabri's point of view, the solution for the development of Islamic societies depends on understanding the requirements of the time, adapting to the concepts of the modern world such as democracy, modernity, and political reason.