نحوه تشكيل قطرات ناشي از تنفس، سرفه و عطسه در بيماران مبتلا به كوويد-19 و نقش پوشيدن ماسك در كنترل شيوع آن

The Formation of Respiratory Droplets Caused by Breathing, Coughing, and Sneezing in Patients with COVID-19 and the Role of Wearing a Mask in Controlling Its Spread

ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ-19 در ﺟﻬﺎن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدن و ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد روشﻫﺎي درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﮥ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮداروﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﯾﻦ وﯾﺮوس ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﯾﮑﯽ از روشﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﺳﮏ در ﻃﻮل دوران اﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺑﺰاري ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﭘﺨﺶ ﻗﻄﺮات ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ، ﺻﺤﺒﺖ، ﺳﺮﻓﻪ و ﻋﻄﺴﻪ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در اﻧﺘﺸﺎر وﯾﺮوس ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮏ ﺳﯿﺎﻻت ﻋﺪدي ﻧﺤﻮة ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻗﻄﺮات ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي واﮔﯿﺮدار ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ، ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﺳﮏ و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل وﯾﺮوس ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The sudden spread of Covid-19 in the world has attracted everyone's attention. In addition, due to the unknown and lack of definitive treatment methods, the World Health Organization and other medical institutions recommend non-pharmacological solutions to control the virus. In this regard, one of the proposed methods is to use masks during this global epidemic as a tool to control the spread of respiratory droplets. Therefore, in this paper, we first examine respiratory events such as breathing, talking, sneezing, and coughing from an engineering perspective and their role in the spread of the virus. In addition, with the help of numerical fluid mechanics, the formation of respiratory droplets and their function in the transmission of infectious respiratory diseases have been studied. Then, the necessity of using a mask and its role in reducing the transmission of the virus is discussed.