پژوهشي در هنرهاي قدسي معماري و شعر در آيين يارسان با تكيه بر انديشه‌‌هاي سيد حسين نصر و سنت‌گرايان

A Study of the Sacred Arts of Architecture and Poetry in the Yarsan Religion Based on the Ideas of Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Traditionalists

در ﻧﮕﺮش ﺳــﻨﺖﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻗﺪﺳــﯽ از ﺣﮑﻤﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي و ﺷــﻬﻮدي ﺗﺠﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﻨﺮ ﻗﺪﺳـﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺮه و ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ذاﺗﯽ اﺷﯿﺎء و ﭘﺪﯾﺪهﻫﺎ و روﯾﺪادﻫﺎ را ﺑﺮﻣﻼ ﺳﺎزد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻘﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﮏ ﯾﺎرﺳﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ، ﺗﺠﻠﯽ ذات ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ در ﺑﺸـﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻨﺠﺮهاي اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روي ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺑﺎز ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد، ﯾﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن آﯾﻨﻪاي اﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﭼﯿﺰ ﺟﺰ او را ﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف »واﮐﺎوي ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺪﺳــﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري و ﺷــﻌﺮ در آﯾﯿﻦ ﯾﺎرﺳـﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ اﻧﺪﯾﺸـﻪﻫﺎي ﺳـﯿﺪ ﺣﺴـﯿﻦ ﻧﺼـﺮ و ﺳـﻨﺖﮔﺮاﯾﺎن« ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷــﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻧﺼـﺮ در آﺛﺎرش ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻗﺪﺳـﯽ آﯾﯿﻦ ﯾﺎرﺳـﺎن ﻧﭙﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ﺗﻌﺎرﯾﻔﯽ ﮐﻪ وي از ﻫﻨﺮ ﻗﺪﺳـﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﺷﻌﺮ و ﻣﻌﻤﺎري دارد ﺑﺎ ﻋﻘﺎﯾﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺴﻠﮏ ﯾﺎرﺳﺎن ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺳـﯿﺪ ﺣﺴـﯿﻦ ﻧﺼـﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳـﻨﺘﯽ را ﻫﻨﺮي ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس اﺻـﻮل دﯾﻨﯽ و ﺳـﻨﺖ اﻟﻬﯽ ﻗﺼـﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺒﺪأ ﻫﺴــﺘﯽ را دارد و ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻟﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻨﺮ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﺳــﻨﺘﯽ، »ﻗﺪﯾﺲ ﺷــﺪن«، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺻـﯿﻘﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ روح اﺳـﺖ ﺗﺎ آن ﮐﻪ روح ﺑﻪ ﺷـﮑﻞ اﺛﺮي ﻫﻨﺮي در ﺧﻮر ﻣﻘﺎم اﻟﻮﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﺠﻠﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺮداﺷـﺖ در اﻧﺪﯾﺸـﮥ »ﯾﺎرﺳـﺎن« ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎرز و روﺷـﻦ اﺳﺖ و در آن ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪا ﺑﺮﻣﯽﮔﺮدد؛ »ﻫﻮاﻻول واﻵﺧﺮ«.

From the traditionalist perspective, sacred art is manifested in spiritual and intuitive wisdom. Sacred art, in any form, intends to reveal the inherent truth of objects, phenomena, and events. The Yarsan religion also believes that the manifestation of God's essence in humankind is like an open window to God or a mirror that does not reflect anything but him. The present study seeks to analyze the sacred arts of architecture and poetry in the Yarsan religion regarding Prof. Seyed Hossein Nasr and Traditionalists' ideas adopting a descriptive-analytical method. Study results indicated that although Prof. Nasr has not directly addressed the sacred arts of Yarsan religion in his works, considering his conceptions and definitions of the sacred art, especially in the field of poetry and architecture, his ideas are in harmony with the beliefs and practices of Yarsan. Prof. Nasr assumes traditional art as an art that tries to display the origin of being, based on religious principles and divine tradition; and, therefore the most transcendental art in the traditional society, i.e. "becoming sacred" means polishing the soul, so that it can reincarnate in the form of artistic work, to be merit the Divinity. The same view is evident in the beliefs of Yarsan, and everything goes back to God in it.