بررسي اثرات ضد ليشمانيائي عصاره روغني (Pistacia atlantica) پسته كوهي (بنه) بر پروماستيگوت ليشمانيا ماژور(Leishmania major) در شرايط برون‌تني

Effect of Pistacia atlantica (kurdica) oil extract on promastigotes of Leishmania major

ﻟﯿﺸــﻤﺎﻧﯿﻮز ﯾــﮏ زﺋﻮﻧــﻮز، ﺗــﮏﯾﺎﺧﺘــﻪاي و از ﻣﻌﻀــﻼت ﺑﻬﺪاﺷــﺖ ﻋﻤــﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎت آﻧﺘﯿﻤــﻮان ﭘــﻨﺞ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺘــﯽ ﺑــﻪﻋﻨــﻮان داروﻫــﺎي ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ در درﻣــﺎن ﻟﯿﺸــﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎزﯾﺲ ﺟﻠــﺪي ﻫﻤــﺮاه ﺑــﺎ ﻣﺤــﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎ و ﻋــﻮارض ﺟــﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﻣﺘﻌــﺪد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ. اﻣــﺮوزه ﻋﺼــﺎرهﻫﺎي ﮔﯿــﺎﻫﯽ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎت ﻣﺸــﺘﻖ ﺷــﺪه از آﻧﻬــﺎ ﻣﻨــﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻮﯾــﺪ ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ در ﻃــﺐ ﮔﯿﺎﻫــﺎن داروﯾــﯽ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫــﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ، ارزﯾــﺎﺑﯽ اﺛــﺮ ﻋﺼــﺎره روﻏﻨــﯽ )Pistacia atlantica ( ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ اوراﻣﺎﻧــﺎت در اﺳــﺘﺎن ﮐﺮدﺳــﺘﺎن اﯾــﺮان ﺑــﺮ روي ﭘﺮوﻣﺎﺳــﺘﯿﮕﻮتﻫﺎي ﻟﯿﺸــﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻣــﺎژور در ﺷــﺮاﯾﻂ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑــﻮد. در اﯾــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫــﺎي 50 ،25 ،15 ،10 درﺻـــﺪ ﻋﺼـــﺎره روﻏﻨـــﯽ )Pistacia atlantica ( ﺑـــﻪ ﭘﻠﯿـــﺖ ﺣـــﺎوي ﺳـــﻮﯾﻪ اﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﭘﺮوﻣﺎﺳـــﺘﯿﮕﻮت ﻟﯿﺸــﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻣــﺎژور اﺿــﺎﻓﻪ ﺷــﺪ. اﺛــﺮ ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻋﺼــﺎره روﻏﻨــﯽ ﺑــﺎ روش رﻧــﮓﺳــﻨﺠﯽ MTT )-3-(4,5 dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrezolium bromide( و ﺷــــﻤﺎرش ﭘﺮوﻣﺎﺳــــﺘﯿﮕﻮتﻫــــﺎي زﻧــــﺪه ﺗﻌﯿــــﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾــﺪ. ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻋﺼــﺎره روﻏﻨــﯽ اﺛــﺮ ﻣﻬــﺎري ﺑــﺮ روي ﭘﺮوﻣﺎﺳــﺘﯿﮕﻮت ﻟﯿﺸــﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ داﺷــﺘﻪ و ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ 50 درﺻــﺪ ﻋﺼــﺎره روﻏﻨــﯽ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗــﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﻧﺸــﺎن داد. ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﺑــﯿﻦ ﺗﻌــﺪاد ﭘﺮوﻣﺎﺳــﺘﯿﮕﻮتﻫــﺎي ﻟﯿﺸــﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻣــﺎژور در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻋﺼــﺎره روﻏﻨــﯽ و زﻣﺎنﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻣــﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ )48 ،24 و 72 ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ﭘــﺲ از ﻣﻮاﺟﻬــﻪ( اﺧــﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨــﯽداري وﺟــﻮد دارد )0.05≤P(. ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐــﻪ ﻋﺼــﺎره روﻏﻨــﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺑﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﻟﯿﺸـﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻣـﺎژور دارد. ﻟـﺬا ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﺼـﺎره روﻏﻨـﯽ ﮔﯿـﺎه ﺑـﺮ زﺧـﻢ ﻟﯿﺸﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎﺋﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯿﮕﺮدد.

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan zoonosis that causes problems in public health. The use of pentavalent antimony compounds as chemical drugs in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis are associated with various limitations and side effects.Today, the plant extracts and their derivations are the promising sources in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oil extract Pistacia atlantica from Uramanat area in Kurdistan province, Iran, on promastigotes of standard strain Leishmania major in vitro. In this study, 10, 15, 25, and 50% concentrations of oily extract were added to the plate containing promastigotes of Leishmania major. The effectiveness of different concentrations of extract was determined by MTT (3-[4, 5- (dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrezolium bromide) colorimetric method and counting of living promastigotes. The results of present study showed, different concentrations of oil extract has an inhibitory effect on promastigotes of Leishmania and the extract 50% has the most effect. The results showed a significant different between in the number of promastigotes of Leishmania major in different concentrations of extract and exposure times (24, 48, and 72 hours) (P≤0.05). The results show that extract of pistacia atlantica has an appropriate effect on Leishmania major in vitro. Therefore, it is suggested to be evaluated the effect of the extract Pistacia atlantica on leishmaniasis wounds.