ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ از اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ارﺿﯽ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب

Political sociological analysis of land reform and its consequences in Miandoab region

اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ارﺿﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺤﻮري اﻧﻘﻼب ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺿﺎ ﺷﺎه ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺟﺎن ﮐﻨﺪي، رﺋﯿﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮر آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﺑﺮوز اﻧﻘﻼب ﺳﺮخ و از ﺑﯿﻢ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻧﻘﻼب دﻫﻘﺎﻧﯽ در اﯾﺮان اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. اﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺷﮏ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ از ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎي ﮔﺬاﺷﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ درﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ارﺿﯽ ﭼﻪ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﺪم ﺑﻬﺮه وري زﻣﯿﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ، زارﻋﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت از روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار در ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮي در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب داﺷﺖ و ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﮐﺎذب و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺸﺮ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان روزﻣﺰد در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. اﺟﺮاي اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ارﺿﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮر ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﻮل ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ از روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺷﺪ و زﻧﺪﮔﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار داد و ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺮوع آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺟﺮاي ﻗﺎﻧﻮن از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دارد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف آن رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻫﻢ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻦ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﺎن از ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ آن ﺑﻮد. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي و از ﻧﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و اﺳﻨﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .

Due to the inefficiency of small plots of land, farmers were forced to migrate from villages and settle on the outskirts of cities. This issue had effective consequences in Miandoab region and led to false employment and an increase in the number of day laborers in Miandoab city, and as a result, agricultural products decreased. Implementation of land reforms in the region caused a decline in production and transfer of capital from rural to urban areas and affected the lives of villagers, and for a trial start of law enforcement from Miandoab region as one of the areas of Maragheh city, which aims to achieve It was the political, economic, and social consequences of breaking the landlords' political influence that were important consequences. The economic consequences of enforcing the law in Miandoab led to the expansion of the peasant exploitation system and the change of land ownership, and had little economic benefit for them. In the social dimension, it led to the growth and development of the peasantry and the working class, the reduction of inequality and the elimination of the landlord-peasant system, which indicates a weakening of the power of Miandoab owners and an increase in government concentration in rural areas.