روش فهم روانشناختي متون ديني (فرمد): بررسي تك متن

The psychological comprehension method of religious texts: Investigating a singular text

روش ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﻢ و ﮐﺸﻒ اﺑﻌﺎد روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ، از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ اﺳـﺖ. ﻫـﺪف اﯾـﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ روش ﻓﻬﻢ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﺗﮏﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ. در ﻓﻬﻢ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎ و ارزشﻫﺎ، ﭼﺮا و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ و ﭼـﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ رواﻧـﯽاي دارﻧـﺪ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣﯽﺗـﻮان آﻧﻬـﺎ را ﻣﻬـﺎر و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﺮد و... . روش اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫـﺪ ﮐـﻪ: 1. راﻫﺒـﺮد اﯾـﻦ روش، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﮑﻮس اﺳﺖ. 2. ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺰي و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. 3. ﺑـﺮاي ﮐﺸـﻒ ﻣﻌـﺎرف روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺟﺰا؛ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﯾﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ؛ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﯿﺎن اﺟﺰا(، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﺳﺒﺐﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، و اﺻﻮلﯾﺎﺑﯽ را اﻧﺠﺎم داد. 4. در ﻣﺘﻮن ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. 5. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ روش ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي درﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ارﺗﻘـﺎﯾﯽ ﻃﺮاﺣـﯽ ﮐــﺮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ اﯾــﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ آن اﺳـﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ ﺑــﺎ روﺷــﻤﻨﺪﮐﺮدن ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫـﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽروانﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي رﺳﻤﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي درﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ارﺗﻘﺎﯾﯽ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮد.

Method for understanding and discovering the psychological dimensions of religious texts is of essential needs for Islamic psychology. This study aimed to explain the psychological comprehension method of religious texts in the singular text area. In psychological comprehending the issue is that why and how behaviors, beliefs, and values are formed, what psychological effect they have, how could they be controlled and regulated, and so forth. The method of this study was descriptive analytical. The findings showed that: 1) the strategy for this method is flipped investigation. 2) Religious texts are divided to two forms: prescriptive and descriptive. 3) In order to discover psychological knowledge four steps should be implemented: understanding the structure (including: understanding the components; identifying the mission of each part; identifying the relations of the parts), problem assessment, etiology, and finding principles. 4) In the descriptive texts, problem assessment changed into need assessment. 5) Using this method, we could design Islamic theories and therapeutic and improvement models. The conclusion of this study is that we should provide the setting for designing Islamic theories and therapeutic and improvement models, by making the Islamic-psychological studies methodical using formal and informal education.