كليدواژه :
آﺷﮑﺎرﺳﺎزي ﺧﻂ , اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻠﺶ , اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ , ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮداري
چكيده فارسي :
در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺪرن، ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻧﺮژي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﻫﻤﯿﺖ وﯾﮋهاي دارد و اﺧﺘﻼل در اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺧﺴﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻨﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ، ﺗﺠﺎرت، ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ، آﻣﻮزش و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ وارد ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺷﺪن ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻪ زﻣﯿﻦ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﻠﺶ )اﻓﺘﺎدﮔﯽ( ﻫﺎديﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﺪوده اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روشﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻠﺶ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ داﺋﻤﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰاﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ دورﺑﯿﻦ، ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه GPS )ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ( و ﺣﺴﮕﺮ ﻣﯿﺪان ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ روي ﺧﻂ و ﺗﯿﺮﻫﺎ/دﮐﻞﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ اﻃﺮاف آنﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. روش اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻠﺶ را ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﮏ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي ﮐﻪ از ﻫﺎدي و ﺗﯿﺮﻫﺎ/دﮐﻞﻫﺎي دو ﻃﺮف آن ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻫﺎدي از دورﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺳﻨﺞ ﻟﯿﺰري اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﻮد. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ دادهﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺳﻨﺞ، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻫﺎدي در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﻪ-ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺳﻬﻤﯽﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ دو ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﺳﻬﻤﯽاي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي و ﻓﺮﺿﯿﺎت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ را دارد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي آن ﻣﺪل ﺳﻪ-ﺑﻌﺪي ﻫﺎدي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. روش اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺪون ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ و ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺷﺪن ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮهآﻣﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ و ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ و ارزان ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم اﺳﺖ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ روي ﺳﺘﺎپﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روش ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﻪ زاوﯾﻪ ﻋﮑﺲﺑﺮداري ﺣﺴﺎس ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، در ﭘﺲ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻠﻮغ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺧﻮﺑﯽ دارد و ﺧﻄﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ آن ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﻠﺶ اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
The supply of permanent electrical energy is of vital importance in modern life and its disruption can cause heavy damage to different areas in industry, commerce, transportation, sanitation and health, education, and management of the society. To prevent the network from short-circuiting to the ground, the amount of sag (drop) of the conductors must be within a standard range. Existing methods for sag measurement often require permanent installation of equipment - such as a camera, GPS receiver, and magnetic field sensor - on the line, the poles/towers, and/or around them. The method presented in this paper performs sag measurement based on a single image recorded from the conductor and poles/tow-ers on its both sides. In addition, the distance between the two ends of the conductor from the camera needs to be measured using a laser rangefinder. First, the position of the two ends of the conductor in three-dimensional space is obtained with the help of rangefinder data. Then, from all the parabolas that pass through these two points, the one that best matches the visual observations and field assumptions is selected, and based on that, the three-dimensional conductor model is generated and the sag is calculated. The proposed measurement method can be done without interruption of the network and dangerous approach to the line and with the help of portable and inexpensive equipment. Evaluation on laboratory and field data showed that the proposed method is not sensitive to the shooting angle, works well in complicated backgrounds, and has an average error of less than 1% of the sag value.
