تأثير آب چهارمحال و بختياري بر استان‌هاي هم جوار

The effect of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari water on neighboring provinces

ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﻠﯿﺘﯿﮏ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ آب در رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. اﯾﺮان از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿـ ﻞ ﻗـﺮار ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺟﻬﺎن و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎرش ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب روﺑﻪ رو ﺑﻮده اﺳـﺖ . در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن، ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آب رﯾﺰ زاﯾﻨﺪه رود ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ رود ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آب رﯾﺰ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﮐﺸﻮر، ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري و ﯾﺰد اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻻي ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﮔﺮدش ﮔﺮي و ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار اﺳـﺖ . اﯾـ ﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ آب رﯾﺰﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن و دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨـﺪان از آن، اﻓـﺰ اﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ آن ﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ درﮔﯿﺮي و ﺗﻨﺶ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮض اﺳﺘﻮار اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑـ ﺎ رﺷﺪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ ﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ زاي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ، ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻫـ ﺎي ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳـﺘﻪ از ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. داده ﻫﺎ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﺘﺎب ﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﻮﯾﺎي آن اﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮐﻪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮﺿـ ﯿﻪ ﻫـ ﺎ در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺧﻄﺎي 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ؛ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﻠﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﻮزه آب رﯾﺰ زاﯾﻨﺪه رود ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري دارد. و ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﻠﺘﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﮐﺎر و ﺑﯿﮑﺎري ﻣﺮدم ﺣﻮزه آب رﯾﺰ زاﯾﻨﺪه رود ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري دارد. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﻠﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي ﺑﺮ از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري دارد. ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب ﻣﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺪ و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﯿﺪر وﭘﻠﯿﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺧﻮد، اﻣﻨﯿـ ﺖ ﻣﻠـ ﯽ را ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮه اﻓﮑﻨﺪ.

Hydropolitics is one of the trends in political geography that studies the role of water in political behavior on various scales. Iran is one of the countries that has faced water shortages due to its location in arid and semi-arid regions of the world and the inappropriate temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall. Meanwhile, Zayandehrud catchment area, having the largest river in the country's central catchment area, supplies water to some provinces of Isfahan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari and Yazd provinces, and with high agricultural and tourism potential, as well as population and industrial poles. The country is of great importance. These factors have increased the water demand in the basin between the catchment area and other beneficiaries, to the extent that it has led to conflict and tension. The present study is based on the assumption that with the growth and expansion of industry and settlements and all the limiting factors of water resources, the tensions arising from the shortage of water resources will increase.
an‎d hydropolitics has a positive and significant effect on the lack of work and unemployment of the people of Zayandehrud catchment area. Regional hydropolitics also has a positive and significant effect on the destruction of cultural and social identity.