پيشنهادِ روش تهيه پالت رنگي مكان، رويكردي جهت حفاظت منظر شهري تاريخي(HUL)؛ مورد پژوهي: محله جلفا در اصفهان

Suggesting a method for preparing the color palette of the place, an approach to conserve the historic urban landscape (Case study: Jolfa neighborhood in Isfahan)

«منظـر رنگـي» از مهم تريـن اركان هويتـي بافت هـاي تاريخـي شـهرها و يكـي از عناصـري اسـت كه فرهنـگ بومـي را در كالبـد مـكان بازتـاب مي دهـد و از هميـن جهـت اسـت كـه به عنـوان مولفـه اي از رويكـرد «حفاظـت از منظـر شـهري تاريخـي» (HUL: Historic Urban Landscape) بـه طـور روزافـزون، مـورد توجـه قرار گرفته اسـت. مسـاله آن اسـت كـه اسـتفاده ناآگاهانه از رنـگ و بي توجهي بـه آن در بازآفرينـي بافت هـاي تاريخي و توسـعه هاي شـهري همجـوار با آن بافت ها، گاه منظر شـهري را مخـدوش كـرده و شـخصيت ايـن بافت هـاي يگانه را تهديـد مي نمايد. ايـن در حالي اسـت كه منظر شـهرهاي تاريخـي، متأثـر از نظام هـاي رنگـيِ ذاتـيِ مصالـح بومـي و همسـاز با شـرايط اقليمي شـكل گرفتـه اسـت، امـا امـروز بـه سـبب اسـتفاده از مصالـح ناهمخـوان بـا زمينـه طبيعـي، مناظـر تاريخي شـهرها دسـتخوش آسـيب هاي بصـري و ادراكـي قـرار گرفتـه انـد. بـا توجـه بـه اهميت و وسـعت اين بافت هـا و ايجـاد سـاخت و سـازهاي ناهمگـون بـا نظـام رنگـي بومـي، ايـن امر كـه چگونه مي تـوان از ابزارهـاي امـروزي به جـاي روش هـاي مرسـوم دسـتي و قديمـي جهـت ثبـت و تحليل اطلاعـات رنگ محيـط اسـتفاده كـرد؛ به گونـه اي كـه ايـن روش از لحـاظ اقتصـادي نيـز، به صرفـه و در عيـن حال به لحـاظ صحـت نتايـج، قابـل اعتمـاد باشـد، پرسـش پژوهـش حاضـر اسـت. بـر اين اسـاس، هـدف اين پژوهـش معرفـي روشـي در راسـتاي تهيه پالـت رنگي مكان و تشـخيص كدهاي رنگي غالـب در زمينه شـهري اسـت. محلـه جلفاي اصفهـان با توجه بـه ويژگي هاي برجسـته آن، نظير قرارگيري در سـاختار تاريخـي شـهر اصفهـان، بهره منـدي از فرهنـگ ويـژه و وجـود الگوهاي رنگـي منحصربه فرد، بـه عنوان نمونـه مطالعاتـي انتخـاب گرديـد. ايـن پژوهـش از نـوع تحقيقـات تركيبي اسـت و با توجه بـه ماهيت چنـد وجهـي عنصـر رنـگ در موضوعـات «روانشناسـي»، «فرهنگ» و «بوم شناسـي بصـري»، به لحاظ راهبـرد پژوهـش از رويكـرد سيسـتمي تبعيـت مي كند. سيسـتم رنـگ مـورد اسـتفاده در پژوهش نيز، سيسـتم CIELab اسـت. نتايـج پژوهـش نشـان داد ايـن روش قابليت كاربرد به شـكل گسـترده براي تحليـل منظـر رنگـي و تهيـه پالـت پيشـنهادي براي شـهرهاي تاريخـي را در راسـتاي تحقـق رويكرد HUL داراست.

The Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) conservation approach is well known as a popular regeneration approach. This approach has developed the historic conservation beyond the immovable heritage area (single buildings and complexes) to all historical and cultural values that may emerge in the historic urban landscape. Landscape color is one of the substantial elements of historical patterns in urban areas, reflecting the local culture in the place’s body. Therefore, it is considered a significant component of the HUL conservation approach. Here, the problem is that the unconscious use of color is neglected in the urban regeneration of historical textures. In addition, the development of the neighboring areas may distort the urban landscape and threaten the character of these unique textures. The historic urban landscape, influenced by the inherent color orders of the local materials, was shaped in compatibility with climatic conditions. However, the HULs are now subject to visual and perceptual damage due to using materials incompatible with natural history. As such, investigating the color studies in different parts of the world and at different scales has been performed considering the specific historical characteristics to decrease these inconsistencies. In recent years, with the development of technology in harvesting, classifying, and preparing, its color palette has also been changed. Regarding the importance of these patterns, as well as the creation of incompatible structures with the local color order, the central question of the current research is how today’s tools can be employed instead of manual and old methods to record and analyze landscape color information, concerning the economic feasibility and reliability in terms of results. Accordingly, this paper aims to introduce a method to prepare the color palette of the place and identify the dominant color codes in the historic urban areas. For this purpose, given the outstanding features of the Jolfa neighborhood in Isfahan, it is chosen as a case study. Located in the historical patterns of Isfahan, having a particular culture, and the existence of unique color patterns, this neighborhood is still considered one of the dynamic neighborhoods in the tourism structure of Isfahan. This neighborhood is different from other parts of Isfahan’s historical textures due to its formed historical characteristics. Even in terms of appropriate samples and patterns of “color orders” and color themes employed in its landscape, it has some noticeable differences from other parts of the historical texture. METHODS: This paper is conducted using a mixed-methods technique, which follows the systemic approach in terms of research strategies due to the multifaceted nature of the color element in the topics of “psychology,” “culture,” and “visual ecology.” The color system used in the study is the CIELab system. The Lab (i.e., L * a * b) model is the most compatible with the range of human color vision among all color systems. The color space L * a * b or CIELab is a global standard to measure the color, adopted in 1967 by the International Commission on Illumination. The process steps include preparing the color samples, extracting the color codes using SPSS and MATLAB software, and classifying them using the Quick Cluster Analysis Model (k-means).FINDINGS: According to the findings, five main color categories were achieved based on all color codes. Ultimately, the color codes of the centers of these clusters were obtained as base colors in the color palette of the Jolfa neighborhood. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that this study contains the potential to be widely utilized for analyzing the landscape color and preparing the proposed palette for historic urban texture to accomplish the aims of the (HUL) approach. Furthermore, it can offer the range of color spectrums and their frequencies for comparing the color landscape of historical textures in different samples and periods. CONCLUSION: These studies can go beyond the research format and be available as software for those organizations involved in urban management to analyze any new construction compatible with the existing background color. Moreover, identifying and investigating other significant factors in shaping the historic urban landscape can complete the components of this research. These factors can be studied in resources such as studies related to the structure of the components that shape the landscape, the intuitive landscape of the place, the effect of natural context and climate on the urban landscape, etc.