بررسي آسيب هاي ژنتيكي ناشي از پروتكل هاي شيمي درماني و پرتودرماني در بيماران مبتلا به لوسمي لنفوييدي حاد به روش ميكرونوكليي اسي

Evaluation of genetic damage due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by micronuclei assay

Introduction: Leukemia is a heterogenous group of neoplastic disorder, which derived from malignant transformation of hematopoietic progenitors. In most cases, leukemia is associated with cytogenetic disorder. In addition, cytogenetic disorders are induced by chemicals and radiation which are used as therapeutically regimens. Micronuclei assay is one of the sensitive methods in evaluation of genetic and chromosomal aberration. In the present study, genetic alteration due to radiotherapy and chemotherapy protocols in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are evaluated by micronuclei assay techniques. Materials and Methods: Total of 40 patients with ALL and 10 controls were used as sample subjects. According to treatment phases, patients were divided are into four groups as a without treatment, remission induction, consolidation and maintenance groups. Genetic alteration in these groups were evaluated by micronuclei assay techniques. Results: The frequency of micronuclei observed for each group was significantly higher than control group. Data also indicated that there were significant differeces in the frequency of micronuclei amoung four groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that radiotherapy and chemotherapy in ALL patients mainly kills cells by induction of genetic loss (chromosomal aberration). Observation of genetic loss in erytrocytic cells can be considerd as a significant side of radiotherapy or chemotherapy.