نقش قانون اساسي در حل چالش هاي ملي

ROLE OF CONSTITUTION IN RESOLVTING THE NATIONAL CHALLENGES AND CONFLICTS

After the victory of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, and the ratification of the new constitution, a new phase of the political and social history of Iran initiated. This article studies the role of the constitutional law of Islamic republic of Iran in settling racial, tribal and religious conflicts. In this research, after the study of the circumstances of various tribal, racial, and religious groups in Iran, the existing mechanisms in the constitutional law for avoidance and solution of the challenges among the mentioned groups are analyzed. Among the strategies, the author has considered the approval of the principle of democracy and its necessities, such as realization of the peoples participation, respecting religious and cultural beliefs of the various groups, and the guarantee of the fundamental freedoms for the majority of the people of Iran. The new constitution of Iran has provided the necessary ground for the logical participation of the various groups of the people of the country. This participation has manifested in national elections, through which groups of people directly or indirectly choose political and governmental figures of the country, such as the leader, president, members of Parliament, members of Assembly of Experts for Leadership and the members of local councils.