معنويت : روي آوردي تجربه اي ، گوهرشناختي ، و مدرن به دين يا يك سازه روانشناختي ؟

Spirituality; an Experiential, Perennial, and Modern Approach to Religion or a Psychological Construct?

Spirituality is a frequently used and vague construct, which is tied to being religious while also being differnet from it. Spirtuality is more experiential and personal, whereas religiousness is more institutionalized and social. The rationality and empricism of modernism conflicts with traditional understanding of religion, and spirituality represents a compromise position that differnetiates the substantive and accidental aspects of religtion from individulaism of modernism. More specifically, spirituality is an experiential, substantive, and individualistic approach to religion that is pychological in nature. Configurations of spirituality theoretically serve as existential regulators of human action and operates as a personality factor, intelligence, or motivation that can be developed. The concept "spirituality" is described and explained in terms of a model emphasizing interactions between the zeitgeist and configurations of functioning within the human psychological organization.