شناسايي گونه هاي شكر تيغال و بررسي برخي از ويژگي هاي زيستي سر خرطومي مولدمان در استان فارس

Identification of Echinops Species and Study on some Biological Characteristics of Larinus vulpes Oliv. as Manna Producer in Fars Province.

Echinops manna is produced on some Echinops species by larval activity of Larinus vulpes Olivier. According to studies, in growth season during 2001-2003, 14 species of Echinops were identified in 75 habitats in different parts of Fars province. The results showed that, even although the Larinus insect was present on all Echinops species, they produce only Manna on four following species, (Echinops endotrichus, E. dichrous, E. tenuisectus and E. persepolitanus). Morphological investigations indicated that the manna producing species of Echinops have spherical aggregated flowers and they have the same plant height. In addition they grow in the same altitude. Life cycle of Larinus vulpes was studied as well Manna.