تاثير پيري بذر بر صفات جوانه زني و فعاليت آنزيم هاي آنتي اكسيدانت كاتالاز و پراكسيداز در ژنوتيپ هاي جو(HORDEUM VULGARE )

An Investigation of the Genetic Diversity ofIranian Wild Wheats Triticum boeoticum by Using Seed Storage Protein Electrophoresis

Thegenetic diversity of seed storage proteins in four loci; Gli-Albt, Gli-A2bt, Glu-Albt, and G1u-A3bt, in the diploid wild progenitor of wheat, Triticum boeoticum was studied electrophoretically in412individuals representing 36accessions of westandnorthwest of Iran. The degree of these characters occurred in the order: G1u-A Ibt < Glu-Aʹibt < GIi-A2bt < Gli-AJ bt. Although polymorphism for these traits was quite high, only a limited number of variant forms identified as Gli-Albt, Gli-A2bt, Glu-Albt, and Glu-A3bt loci were closely matched with their analogous variants in the A genome of hexaploid wheat. More than 36 different gliadin electrophoretic patterns (spectra) were found in aeid-PAGE, each pattern being consisted of 13-30 gliadin bands. Fromthe analysis of 13 grains in each, only 7 accessionswere found to be uniform, others being consisted of two or more grain variants differing in their gliadin spectrum. No null allele at any of the Gli-Albt and Gli-A2bt loci has been found. High and low molecular weight glutenin subunits were analyzed by using one-step one-dimensional sodium dcedecyl sulfate gradiant-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDSG-IʹAGE) and divided intoA-, B- and C- subunits in accordance with their electrophoretic mobility. A largerange of allelic variations at the Glu-AIbt locus werefound in this collection and somenovel subunits observed in both x- and y-rype glutenin subunits, including x- and y-type null forms. TIle genes coding for the lAx and lAy subunits exhibited very little (3%) inactivity. Many accessions exhibited 3-4 bands in the high molecular weight glutenin subunits region. The active genes for "y" subunits, if transferred to bread wheat, may he useful in improving bread-making quality, Extensive polymorphism, both in the number, staining density and electrophoretic mohiliry, was detected in low molecular weight glutenin subunits present in the studied accessions of T. boeollcum. Thirty-six different patterns for B- and Ceubunits were identified. A majority of LMW-GSs found in the studied accessions were not present in normal bread wheats.The datu suggestthat they represent a rich source of new variation for the LMW-GSs, considered lo be very important in modulating wheat flour-processing properties. These results provide new basic knowledge regarding the genetic variability of the seed storage proteins. as well IDI their potential (0 createnovel gcrmplasm for the improvement of wheat qualityin breeding programs.