شك گرايي در غرب (بررسي سير تاريخي)

Skepticism in the West: A Review of Its Historical Evolution

"Skepticism" is the title of a world view holding no limits for the possibility of the knowledge. The history of skepticism can be divided into three periods: The first period called the "ancient skepticism" is itself divided into three phases of sophistry, Pyrronic and academic. Protagoras and Gorgias are among the great Sophists. They deny reality and repudiate dogmatism and knowledge of the facts. However, skepticism was initially formed into a school of thought by Pyrrho. The academic skepticism was also developed in the Platonic school of thought. The second period started with the rise of religious skeptics. Montini and Pascal were the forerunners of this period. They questioned the scientific achievements and the rational arguments to defend Christianity against them. The third period or modern skepticism began with the rise of David Hume, and Kant followed him.