معيارهاي رفتار اخلاقي در انجام كار علمي

The Ethos and Standards of Ethical Conduct in Knowing and Doing Science

Backgrounds: This article reflects on critical importance of scientific ethos and the ethical standards of social and professional conduct in science. Methods: The interplay between modem science and ethics is one of the issues that have been addressed by many for runners of sociology of science including RK. Merton and DB. Resnik. While Merton sees science as an autonomous and self-ruling social institution with distinct set of institutionalized imperatives and norms or ethos that ethically governs the social connotations of science and the social conducts of scientists. Resnik presumes that science is more than a social institution; it is also a profession, with its own professional ethics and rules. In his view, the obligation to adhere to professional ethics in science has constructive impact on its function and helps to maintain and promote public faith in science and scientists. Despite their obvious differences on the nature of science, they both recognize the importance of the adherence to certain ethos and ethical standards in doing science. They both assert that, in an anomie and unethical environment, science and academia can not reach their proposed goals and objectives, and it faces further institutional and/or professional frustration. Coclusions: The ethos and ethical standards are indispensable part of science and scientific activities, since they serve to protect the very nature of science and academia from what is termed "corruption and fraud in science and academic research."