تاثير بهبود توليدات كشاورزي بر فقر در بخش روستايي

A Survey of the Effects of Improvement in Agricultural Products on Poverty in the Rural Sector

بررسي معيشت و وضع درآمدي خانواده هاي روستايي جز مهمترين مباحثي است كه معمولا در پژوهشهاي روستايي مورد توجه قرار مي گيرد. اكثر روستاييان كشور كشاورز هستند و با استفاده از درآمد حاصل از فروش محصولات كشاورزي زندگي خود را مي گذرانند، پس هر اتفاقي كه منجر به از بين رفتن محصولات زراعي آنها شود، مي تواند روستاييان را به ورطه فقر و فلاكت بكشاند. در اين مقاله جهت بررسي آثار بهبود توليدات بر فقر در روستاها مدلي ارائه شده است و به طور موردي تاثير بهبود توليدات كشاورزي بر دستمزد كارگران برنجكار در روستاهاي دو شهر گرگان و گنيدكاووس با استفاده از روش سنجي NLS مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و به بررسي اثر شرايط مساعد آب و هوايي به عنوان يكي از عوامل موثر بر فقر در بخش روستايي پرداخته ايم. نتايج اين مطالعه نشان مي دهند كه بهبود توليدات در بخش كشاورزي مي تواند يكي از راههاي مقابله با فقر در روستاها و تامين معيشت روستاييان باشد.

Introduction The most important subject in Uillagersʹ researches is the survey of householdsʹ incomes. Most of Iran villagers are farmers and they live with the income of selling agricultural products. Therefore every event that damages their products, can cause villagers to become poor. In this paper, we introduce a model for studying the effects of improvement of agricultural products on poverty in villages. For empirical survey, we review the effects of improvement of agricultural products on workersʹ wages in villages of Gorgan and Gonbad e Kavoos with NLS method and survey the effects of good weather on poverty in rural sector. Results of this paper show that improvement of products in agriculture sector can be the way for confronting poverty in villages and securing villagers living. Methodology In this paper, we divided poverties to three fields. First, workers that work on the lands of others. Second, people that own their land, but their land is too small to have enough products and their productions are very low. Third, people that do not own a land and should work on othersʹ lands. Now, when agricultural products decrease, these peopleʹs income declines and then poverty rises. This classification comes from studies of Barret and Dorosh (1996). They used this classification in their studies in rural sectors and with this classification, we can survey poverty better. In this paper, as an experienced work, we survey effects of improvement of productions in agriculture sector on poverty in some rural parts of Iran. Moreover, since rice is one of the most important productions in Iran and many farmers live with income that comes from selling rice, we limit our survey to the effects of improvement of rice productions on the lives of the farmers of Gorgan and Gonbad e Kavoos. The Reason for this limiting is existence of data of agricultureʹs productions and yearly products of these lands. Therefore, we limit our survey to 300 farmers of these villages in the years of 1370 to 1386. In this paper we use NLS that is an econometric method for estimation and is stochastic. Results In this paper we divide poverty to three groups, people that do not have land, farmers that work on lands of others and people that have small lands to proauce only their foods. Then we select a sample with the size of 300 ricer farmers from rural parts of gorgan and gonbad e kavoos in the years of 1370 to 1386. Then we estimate an equation with NLS method. Results of this estimation have shown that weather has affected farmersʹ productions. Therefore, if the weather is bad, the farmersʹ productions will be very low and consequently the farmersʹ income will be very low . It there fore damages the lives of households. In this paper we consider the improvement of agricultural productions as increasing productions of real land and it has a positive relation with workersʹ wages. We show that increasing the number of farmers has negative effect on real wage of each worker, because with the rise of supply of labor, the wage of each worker declines. The Number of lands has positive relation with real wage of each worker, then with increasing of number of lands, the wage of each worker rises and the reason for that is the increasing demand for workers. The Important result of this paper is that weather is a very important factor that affects on farmersʹ productions and therefore it affects poverty. The aim of this paper is to show that improvement of agricultural products can affect the improvement of rural workersʹ wages and lives of Landers. Then our surveys show that good weather is an effective factor on poverty in rural sectors.Conclusion Results of this survey show that improvement of productions of agriculture sector cause the improvement of rural workersʹ wage and secure food for all the people of Iran. We show that weather is a factor that affects poverty in rural sector and can cause decreasing of productions in this sector and cause decreasing of demand for employment of more workers. Therefore, we proposed that different ways for improvement of productions in agriculture sector can cause the rising of workersʹ wages and can secure food for the people of the entire country. Improvement of methods of swimming and using soil and improving the protection of government from agricultural products instead of Importing different kinds of products that are produced by internal farmers in our country, can improve productions in rural sector. In the end we should say that paying attention to the lives of rural people can prevent the migration of rural people to cities.