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Was Richard Cantillon a Mercantilist?

Richard Cantillon can be considered as a great economist during seventeen and eighteen centuries. His views and economic thought regarding economic phenomena has always been analyzed by Classical as well as Neoclassical and even Marxists economists. One of the most important ambiguities and disagreement among schools of economic thought historians is whether Richard Cantillon is a Mercantilist or not. Although majorities of historians believe that he is a Mercantilist but in the present paper which is based on Cantillonʹs paper and his idea and his impact on the anti-Mercantilism of the next generation. We have shown that not only he can not be considered as a Mercantilist but also he can be regarded as an anti-Mercantilist economist.