بررسي مفاهيم قدرت و اقتدار با تاكيد بر نقش خرد و دانايي در آن

CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF POWER AND AUTHORITY

Power and authority are two common terms in politics, but with defferent meaning and concept. Authority is of philosophical concept while power has a sociological meaning. Authority is a legal right to influence others by directing their behaviour. Power is based on force but authority is of legitimacy principle or law. A country or a system may enjoy power but lack proper authority. National power and authority factors are numerous and various. From amongst many factors causing national power and authority there exist no factors as important as population, because, it provides the ground for government and national authority, in other words, it is the principle element. Characteristics of population in power and authority, is thus turn to be important. Characteristics and peculiarities, like number, age and sex composition, language and ethnicity, religious and sect, values and most important of all, the quality of population are all considered very important in the field of national power and authority. Knowledgeable population enjoying management, prudency,innovation and wisdom are in fact the engine for development of a society and its stability. A society practicing development and stability in all aspects, has in its prossession a great authority. Government is a genuine mirror for the nation, and vice versa. Good citizens make good government and bad citizens make government bad. A good citizen, is wise, disciplined and healthy, and a whole some, wise and knowledgeable citizen elects intelligently a sound government. If the people of a country are considered as the principle factor for authority, then, to maintain national authority, with no doubt, it must contain open-minds and required educations, because the basis of government and national authority (widespread education based on reading and writing, intelligence and wisdom, knowledge and power of analyzation of people about the world living in it) is particular education for national government. In the way of educating people for national authority many things left to be done, one of them is to promote information and instead of blind obedience which is often sign of ignorance encourage people to think. The aim of this article is, while defining the terms power and authority and differentiating them, analyze peculiarity of each one, present types of power and authority and their references, and also authority versus national security. Then study the role of knowledge and wisdom in maintaining national authority. The overall result shows that authority is the granted power, thus the survival of political systems seemed to be achieved better by authority, than power, people are the principle element of government and national authority, so educating people capable of analyzing, people of thought, knowledge and wisdom would certainly support the bases of national authority and on the conrary illiterate, obedient imitator, sentimental, irrational and ignorant would not guarantee authority of a system for a long time.