حل تعارض روايات ذبايح اهل كتاب در جوامع حديثي شيعه

Resolution of Conflicts in Narrations Related to Slaughtering by Ahl-e Ketab in Shiite Comprehensive Hadith Sources

باب ذبايح اهل كتاب يكي از پر اختلاف ترين ابواب فقهي شيعه است. در يك بررسي اجمالي پي مي‏بريم كه روايات اين باب به چهار دسته تقسيم مي‏شود، روايات نهي مطلق، روايات نهي از ذبيحه غير اهل كتاب، روايات حليت ذبايح اهل كتاب به شرط تسميه و روايات حليت بي‏قيد و شرط ذبايح اهل كتاب. تعارض روايات اين باب به حدي است كه به هيچ عنوان قابل جمع نبوده و مضامين آنها به هيچ عنوان با يكديگر جمع نمي شود و بايد يك طرف از روايات را بر ديگري ترجيح داد. با توجه به دستورات امامان معصوم عليهم‏السلام در حل تعارض روايات، پي مي‏بريم كه روايات حرمت اصل و مبنا بوده و روايات حليت از روي تقيه صادر شده است.

Resolution of Conflicts in Narrations Related to Slaughtering by Ahl-e Ketab in Shiite Comprehensive Hadith Sources Majid Ma’aref Full Professor, Tehran University Hamid Modarresi M.A., Tehran University Abstract The act of slaughtering (zebh) by ahl-e ketab (Followers of The Book) is one of the most controversial issues in Shiite jurisprudence. A quick examination reveals that the narrations related to this issue are divided into four categories: narrations absolutely prohibiting slaughtering by ahl-e ketab, narrations prohibiting slaughtering by those who are not ahl-e ketab, narrations denoting lawfulness (helliyyat) of slaughtering by ahl-e ketab if the name of Allah is uttered in doing so, and narrations denoting unconditional lawfulness of slaughtering by ahl-e ketab. These narrations are so conflicting that they cannot exist together and some have to be preferred to others. Based on the orders from the infallible Imams, we find out that ‘prohibition narrations’ are essentially acceptable and the ‘narrations denoting lawfulness of slaughtering’ have been issued out of taqqiyye (precautionary dissimulation of one’s faith). Keywords: balance and preferences, resolution of conflicts in narrations, slaughtering (zebh) by ahl-e ketab (Followers of The Book), fiqh al-hadith (the discipline which studies hadiths).