توسعه و نابرابري هاي اجتماعي در هند

Development and Social Inequalities in India

اين نوشتار به بررسي تاريخي نحوه ارتباط بين بهبود ظرفيت نظام هاي اقتصادي، سياسي و توزيعي در جامعه هند در دوره پس از استقلال هند تا پايان 2005 مي پردازد و سازوكارهاي سازش يا عدم سازش بين توسعه اقتصادي، سياسي و نابرابري هاي اجتماعي در دوره هاي تاريخي هند را مورد توجه قرار مي دهد. مدل نظري، تركيبي از چهار رويكرد الگوهاي سازگاري، تضاد، بدبينانه و نظريه دولت توسعه گرا است و توصيف تاريخي تطبيقي و تكنيك تحليل فازي براي بررسي شرايط علّي نابرابري هاي درآمدي و منزلتي به كار رفته است. نتايج نشان مي دهد آنچه در جامعه هند مي تواند تعامل بين توسعه و دموكراسي در راستاي كاستن از نابرابري هاي منزلتي و درآمدي و شاخص هاي كيفيت زندگي را بهبود بخشد، حكمراني خوب و ايجاد زمينه هاي تقويت كنش دموكراتيك از سوي جامعه مدني و نخبگان سياسي است

In this essay, development is viewed as a multidimensional concept, which encompasses economic, political, and politicaleconomic aspects. Using this approach, the paper is a historical exploration of the relationship among economic, political, and distribution developments in Indian society in a period of sixtyfour years (after Indiaʹs independence until the end of 2005). The author attempts to examine consistency or inconsistency between economic and political development mechanisms and social inequalities throughout India’s historical periods. A combination of four approaches including modernization theory, conflict (contrast), dependency (pessimism), and the theory of state will be applied to explain the overall relationship between economic and political oriented developments and equality. In addition, a comparative historical explanation and fuzzy analysis techniques are adopted to study the causal explanations for income and dignity inequalities. The paper concludes that good governance and furnishing the grounds in order to reinforce the democratic acts by civil society and political elites will be effective in improving the interactions between development and democracy, which leads to the decrease of inequalities and improvement of quality of life indicators.