مشروعيت، پيامد كلامي‌انگاري امامت

Political Legitimacy as a Consequence of a Theological Approach to Imamate

چكيده اصل امامت كه از اصول بي‌بديل شيعه است و در ادامه? نبوت و از مسايل علم كلام شمرده مي‌شود، نشان از خاستگاه كلامي سياست دارد. فلسفه? امامت كه روشنگر نظام اجتماعي اسلام و توجه آن به ابعاد وجودي انسان و سعادت حقيقي بشر در دنيا و آخرت و بيانگر حكمت جهاني بودن اسلام است، به طور مستقيم با سرنوشت حكومت‌ها، مشروعيت و جايگاه مذهبي ـ سياسي آنها گره خورده است و اين امر حاكي از ظهور سياست در علم كلام است كه مي‌توان از آن به كلام سياسي تعبير كرد. امامت، تداوم پيوند دين و سياست و تحقق حاكميت خدا در زمين و مشروعيت خلافت انسان است. حكومت ديني، قايم به امام است و اطاعت از امام نيز حتميت و ضرورت مي‌يابد تا زعامت سياسي امام در جامعه تحقق يابد؛ هرچند پذيرش اين زعامت از طرف مردم تاثيري در ماهيت امامت و مرجعيت ديني امام كه منصوص از طرف خداوند است ندارد؛ زيرا مشروعيت امام به نصب از سوي خداوند است و شرط اين مشروعيت، عصمت است تا غرض از نصب امام كه اطاعت و انقياد كامل است، حاصل شود. از اين‌رو امامت، از زنده‌ترين بحث‌هاي كلامي است كه در هر عصر و زماني با رويكردها و پيامدهاي مختلف مواجه بوده است. تبيين جايگاه امامت در علم كلام، در شناسايي اين پيامدها سهم بسزايي دارد. كليد واژه‌ها: امامت، علم كلام، كلام سياسي، سياست، فلسفه سياسي، نظام سياسي اسلام.

Political Legitimacy as a Consequence of a Theological Approach to Imamate AbU al-Fa?l Khur?s?n? The principle of imamate, as the continuity of prophethood, is the preeminent principle of the Shias. The latter envisage imamate to be properly theological, and thereby as prefiguring politics. The philosophy of imamate delineates the Islamic social order, and the fact that it includes man’s existential dimension not only guarantees his worldly and otherworldly felicity, but explains the wisdom behind the universality of Islam. Imamate directly pertains to the nature of governments, their legitimacy, as well as their politico-religious status—alluding to the reality that politics arises from theology and can, on that account, be called political theology. Imamate is the continuity of the bond engendered between religion and politics and is the realization of God’s kingdom on earth as well as the legitimacy of man’s vicegerency of God. Religious rule is contingent upon the Imam, while obedience to the Imam becomes necessary so as to bring about the realization of his political leadership of society. The acceptance of this leadership by the people does not in any way affect the nature of imamate and the religious authority of the Imam—something which is a divine appointment. This is because the legitimacy of the Imam is contingent upon him being appointed by God and is conditional upon him being infallible; the latter is so that the goal for such appointment, which is complete obedience and following, can be achieved. Hence it becomes evident that imamate is one of the most pertinent topics of theology, and that it gives rise in every age to different consequences. Determining the place of imamate in the realm of theology has a decisive role to play in delineating these consequences and results. Keywords: Imamate, theology, political theology, politics, political philosophy, Islamic political order.