فضاي جمعي و شهر خلاق/ مزاياي فضاي عمومي و نقش آنها در ايجاد شهر خلاق

Public Space and Innovation City/ A survey on advantages of public space and their role in create Innovation city

فضاي عمومي در شهر يكي از مهم‌ترين عناصر شهري است به طور ي كه شهر، اساساً توسط آن معرفي مي‌شود. فضاي شهري به طور عام و فضاي عمومي به شكل خاص مي‌تواند محيطي مطلوب براي بروز خلاقيت در شهر باشد. از آنجايي كه يكي از اركان شكل‌گيري شهر خلاق، فضاست بنابراين وجود فضاي عمومي مطلوب در شهر مي‌تواند بستر مناسبي را براي شكل‌گيري شهر خلاق فراهم كند. فضاي عمومي مناسب به شهروندان اين فرصت را مي‌دهد تا خلاقيت خود را در آن به نمايش بگذارند؛ لذا پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي و بررسي متون سعي دارد به بررسي مزاياي فضاهاي عمومي همچون سرزندگي، تنوع، هويت، جذابيت، ارزش اقتصادي، مشاركت و نقش آنها در شكل‌گيري شهر خلاق بپردازد. عمده‌ترين منابع مورد استفاده در اين پژوهش كتاب‌ها و مجلات تخصصي و استفاده از اينترنت است. به طوري كه ابتدا با مروري بر ادبيات تخصصي حوزه شهر خلاق، نقطه نظرات متفكران مسايل شهري در رابطه با اين موضوع مطرح مي‌شود، سپس ويژگي‌ها و مزاياي فضاهاي عمومي كه مي‌تواند نقش بسيار مهمي در ايجاد شهر خلاق داشته باشد مورد بررسي و تحليل قرار مي‌گيرد.

Public spaces are one of the most important urban elements in such a way that the city is mainly known by its public spaces. Considering that creativity needs space, opportunity and environment, public spaces can create the groundwork by developing social interactions so that citizens have the opportunity to show their creativity, as social interactions help people share and materialize their creativities. On this front, the most important role of public spaces is to provide the atmosphere for such interactions. Urban space in general and public space in particular can appropriate the environment to show creativity. Since space is one of the pillars of creative city, appropriate public space can provide the proper groundwork for the creative city. With the appropriate public space, the citizens will be given the opportunity to show their creativity. Creative and innovative city is a new issue in the field of urban studies that has been emphasized in a knowledge-based society. The researchers that have been carried out in the field of creative and innovative cities have only focused on the role of creativity in the development of cities and have not paid but a strong attention to the need to eliminate the constraints and the barriers. Creative cities are important to any nation considering that they become the driving force of economic growth and the accordingly help the development of cities, regions and nations. In this context, the city is looked upon as a place of creativity, knowledge and innovative industries. There is a consensus among scholars that all human capitals are creative and innovative. Therefore, the urban spaces have conditions that can attract and maintain these capitals. It is also necessary to consider that urban management needs to be creative and that the role of public spaces on that front should be taken into consideration. This is because the lack of creative urban management solutions will frustrate efforts to prepare the groundwork for the creation of a creative city. It will to the same effect undermine the creativity of citizens and will also harm the public spaces of the city. There is a strong correlation between space and creativity. Public spaces have the advantages and features that can have an important role in the creation of a creative city. These advantages include: Participation: Public spaces in cities provide public participation. This public space is an important element in shaping the creative city. Vitality: Today, the attention devoted to the quantitative aspects of space planning and design has reduced the quality of public spaces. Public spaces can provide happiness and vitality in cities and communities. Variety: One of the important elements for the creation of a creative city is variety. According to Jacobs, variety provides a suitable background for the development of creativity and innovation and public space provides the groundwork for this variety. Identity: Native arts and handicrafts are symbols of the creative people in any city and public spaces are very good places to display these activities. Attractiveness: Public spaces create an attractive environment for creative people. Unique and attractive public spaces can be perfect venues for the creative people to display their talents. Economic Value: Creative individuals and businesses usually are vulnerable to several economic issues like rising housing prices. Such issues could easily jeopardize their creativity. It is therefore necessary to be aware of the economic conditions of the creative citizens. The results of this research indicate that public spaces, having the above advantages, are perfect places that can be utilized to maintain and promote the creativity of citizens and in short facilitate the development of creative cities.