توسعه يك روش ابتكاري براي بهينه‌سازي مسيله مكان‌يابي و تخصيص در عمليات امدادرساني به مصدومان زلزله

Development of an initiative method for optimizing the Issue of location Finding and earthquake casualties Relief Operation

بيشتر راه‌حل‌هاي مطرح‌شده براي مسايل مكان‌يابي و تخصيص- كه در آن متقاضيان خدمات و مراكز خدماتي داراي ظرفيت مشخصي باشند- از‌لحاظ محاسباتي پيچيده‌اند. براي حل اين مشكل، روش‌هاي ابتكاري متناسب با شرايط مسيله توسعه يافته‌اند. مكان‌يابي مراكز و تخصيص مصدومان زلزله به اين مراكز درماني يكي از مسايل مهم در مديريت بحران زلزله است؛ زيرا توسعه روشي مناسب براي بهينه‌سازيِ تخصيص مصدومان به مراكز درماني مي‌تواند در كاهش زمان امداد‌رساني و در‌نتيجه كاهش آسيب‌هاي جاني اثر مهمي داشته باشد. در اين مقاله، توسعه روشي ابتكاري بر‌پايه يك الگوريتم ژنتيك تو‌در‌تو براي بهينه‌سازي مكان‌يابي مراكز درماني و تخصيص مصدومان زلزله به اين مراكز، با استفاده از قابليت‌هاي علم سيستم اطلاعات مكاني توضيح داده مي‌شود. با توجه به اينكه مكان‌يابي و تخصيص منابع دو مسيله جدا از هم نيستند و بر هم تاثير مستقيم دارند، در روش پيشنهادي، اين دو مسيله به‌صورت هم‌زمان حل مي‌شوند. با بررسي داده‌هاي تحقيق و با توجه به نتايج آن مي‌توان گفت ساختار طراحي‌شده توانايي لازم جهت حل اين نوع مسايل را با انتخاب ميزان جمعيت اوليه مناسب داراست.

Location and allocation issues fall into group of Capacities including costs, facilities, time and diverse problems solving that have made locationallocation problem very complex. Exact methods can rarely be used to solve such a problem; however the heuristic methods can be utilized according to the problem, type and its structure. Many researches about location-allocation analyses have done it by operation research method. Since majority of data and analyses applied in the location-allocation problems are spatially references, so the GIS science abilities can be utilized beside optimization methods, simulations and different allocation analyses for the better solving of problems. Human beings have been always facing earthquake as a natural disaster. In very late decades, thousands of people have been affected physically and financially by severe earthquakes. In such cases, very quick relief operations could prevent excessive incidents and casualties happening after the earthquake. Researches depict that time is a vital element in reduction of casualty after the earthquake, as the first 24 hours is the most significant time for saving victims, because of surviving the victims is likely in that period. So, the causalities would be reduced if the time of getting to medical centers decreases. As a consequence, development of a proper method to optimize the process of allocating victims among existing and new medical centers can efficiently lessen the casualties of earthquake. In this research, designing and implementation of a heuristic method based on genetic algorithm were elaborated after reviewing studies of solving location-allocation problems. This method was developed to allocate victims of an earthquake to different medical centers optimally by using the abilities of GIS science. To evaluate the efficiency of designed algorithm, a scenario for number of injuries, location of injuries, capacity and number of medical centers and roads network status and information was defined. The results show that the designed structure is able to solve such a problem in a reasonable time. Furthermore, in implementing the algorithm, changing size of initial population will be assessed as well. Results also revealed that optimization of the target function and finding a suitable solution for equations and inequalities could be influenced by the change of this parameter. The final outcome of implemented method includes the spatial location of new required medical centers. The method also calculates that how many of the injuries at each demanding point should be taken to any of the existing and new medical centers as well.