شورش انوشه زاد و بررسي ماهيت آن

Study of Anushazad Rebellion and its Nature

در دهه 550 ميلادي در پادشاهي خسرو يكم شورشي رخ داد كه رهبري آن با انوشه زاد، پسر خسرو يكم (انوشيروان) بود. اين شورش، هرچند در بالاي هرم قدرت در شاهنشاهي ساساني رخ داد اما منابع، ماهيت و هدف از آن را متفاوت گزارش كرده‏اند؛ برخي منابع بر پافشاري لجوجانه شاهزاده بر ايمان مسيحي‏اش تاكيد دارند. برخي خيزش شاهزاده را براي دستيابي به تاج و تخت پدر رو به مرگش گزارش مي‏كنند و برخي نيز زنديك بودن انوشه زاد و ماهيت مزدكي شورش وي را پيش مي‏كشند. به نظر مي‏رسد برخي تفاوت‌هاي قابل توجه ميان منابع، اصل رويداد و زمان آن را كه در هنگام بيماري شاه روي داده، بيشتر به نفع تاج‏خواهي شاهزاده مي‌دانند تا باور ترسايي وي يا زنديك بودنش. انوشه زاد بزرگترين پسر خسرو بود اما شورش وي كه منجر به زنداني يا نابينا كردن وي گرديد، عملاً او را از گروه نامزدهاي جانشيني بيرون كرد و فرصت را به هرمزد داد كه برخي منابع نيز او را پسر بزرگ شاه معرفي مي‏كنند. اين مقاله بر آن است تا به بررسي ماهيت اين شورش بپردازد.

In the sixth decade of the sixth century, during the reign of Khosrow I (Anushiravan), there occurred a rebellion led by Anushazad, his own son. Although this rebellion broke out at the top of the pyramid of power in the Sasanian era, different sources differ on its nature and the ends to which it was put; some emphasize the pertinacious persistence of the prince on his Christian faith; some relate his leap to seize the throne of his moribund fatherl; Still some other pinpoint prince’s being Zandik and the Mazdakite nature of his rebellion. It seems, however, that some see the marked differences between the sources, the actual event and the time it had occurred i.e. when the king was on his death bed more in favor of the prince’s claim to the throne rather than his Christian faith or being Zandik. Anushazad was the eldest son of Khosrow Anushirvan and his rebellion which ended in his imprisonment and blindness basically excluded him from the list of claimants to the throne and gave Hormozd, an alleged son of the king, an opportunity to come to the throne. This paper attempts to explore the nature of this rebellion.