جايگاه عتبات عاليات در مناسبات ايران و عثماني عصر قاجار / مطالعه موردي: «زوار و حمل جنايز»

The Position of ʹʹAtabat-e ʹʹAliat in Iran - Ottoman Relations during Qajar Period Case Study: ‘Pilgrims and the transfer of Corpses’

بعد از انعقاد عهدنامه ارزروم دوم در 1263ق/ 1847م چنين به نظر مي‌رسيد اختلاف دو دولت ايران و عثماني بر سر موضوع عتبات عاليات حل خواهد شد؛ اما رفت و آمد مداوم كاروان‌هاي زيارتي و حمل جنايز به عتبات عاليات مشكلات جديدي را ميان دو كشور ايران و عثماني ايجاد كرد. انتقال جنايز به عتبات عاليات از سوي ايرانيان همواره با رفتار سخت و آزار دهنده ماموران عثماني در مرزها همراه بود؛ بهانه‌ي دولت عثماني در برابر اين قبيل رفتارها با مسيله پيرامون شيوع بيماري وبا و تهديد آن براي ساكنان قلمرو عثماني به دولت ايران پاسخ داده مي‌شد. در اين مقاله تلاش شده است مشكلات ناشي از رفت و آمد كاروان‌هاي زيارتي و حمل جنايز به شهرهاي مقدس عراق، ميان دو دولت ايران و عثماني بررسي و بازتاب آن در روابط سياسي دو كشور مورد ارزيابي قرار گيرد.

After the second Treaty of Erzurum, which was signed in May 1847 / 1263 hijri, it was expected that the signature of the treaty will be an end to conflict between Iran and Ottoman on the ʹAtabat-e ʹAliat issue. But, the continuous flow of caravans of pilgrims and transfer of corpses to ʹAtabat-e ʹAliat has created new problems in Iran - Ottoman relations. The behaviors of Ottoman agents and officials with Iranian caravans of corpses transfer in the borders were always strict and annoying. The pretext of Ottoman administration for response to the objections of Iranian government for such behaviors was referred to its concerns about Cholera outbreak and its threat for the population of the Ottoman territory. In this paper, it has been tried to analyze the problems those have been emerged in Iran - Ottoman relations on the issue of caravans of pilgrims and corpses transfer those have been in frequent traveling from Iran to the holy cities of Iraq. The authors tried to evaluate the effects of those problems on the political relationship between the two countries.