تيوري‌هاي توطيه در فرهنگ سياسي كشورهاي خاورميانه عربي

Conspiracy Theory in the Arabic Middle East Political Culture

تيوري‌هاي توطيه، نوعي تجزيه و تحليل تك علتي حوادث مختلف حيات بشري بر اساس توطيه است. اين نوع تجزيه و تحليل در فرهنگ‌هاي سياسي مختلف به ميزان متفاوتي ديده مي‌شود. هدف اصلي مقاله حاضر شناخت جايگاه، اركان و شواهدي از تيوري‌هاي توطيه در فرهنگ سياسي منطقه خاورميانه عربي است. يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه اين نوع از تجزيه و تحليل‌ها در كنار ساير مولفه‌ها، يكي از مولفه‌هاي مهم و تاثيرگذار فرهنگ سياسي خاورميانه عربي بوده و ناشي از علل مختلف سياسي و اجتماعي است. تيوري‌هاي توطيه در اين منطقه به‌نوبه خود داراي اركان سه‌گانه توطيه‌گران، توطيه‌باوران و مباني و مفروضاتي است كه سعي شده ضمن شناسايي و تشريح آنها، براي هركدام شواهد و مصاديقي با استفاده از روش مطالعات اسنادي و با مراجعه به منابع قابل دسترس ذكر شود.

Introduction The present paper tries to investigate conspiracy theory in the Arabic Middle East political culture. The Middle East is the significant and effective region in the world. It is the first birthplaces of primary human civilizations and great religions. The Arabic Middle East political culture has different variants like conspiracy theory. The present paper is an attempt to provide answers to three questions about the Middle East conspiracy theory. Conspiracy theory is a method to analyze the role of conspiracy in events and incidents. According to this definition, the only cause of events is conspiracy, and the role of other reasons in events is ignored. Conspiracy theory is a part of political culture of Arab world and this analysis method has had strong impact on the thoughts and lives of people of this region. This theory has its components, elements that it can be provided some instances and evidences for each of them. Methodology This paper seeks an answer to this primary question: “what is the significance, principles and evidences of conspiracy theory in the Arabic Middle East political culture?” This paper also has three secondary questions: “what do the political culture and conspiracy theory mean?”, “where is the status of conspiracy theory in the Arabic Middle East political culture?”, and “what are the principles of conspiracy theory in the Arabic Middle East?” The research methodology adopted is documentary method, and data gathering procedure is library findings. Results and discussion Research findings show that this type of analysis along with other variants is one of the most important and influential principles of the political culture of these communities. This matter is resulted from different political and social causes. According to the importance of this issue, experts have tried to investigate the causes of growing and developing of this phenomenon in the Middle East. Some people like Marvin Zonis, Josef Craig, Daniel Pipes, and Matthew Gray have worked about this matter. They have tried to show the role of this matter in analysis of events. Finally, this article tried to explain three principles of conspiracy theory that includes conspirators, believers who believe in conspiracy, and principles of assumptions and analysis. Conclusion Research findings show that conspiracy theory is one of the main variants of the Arabic Middle East political culture. This type of analysis is a pattern to analyze region events. This type of analysis is known in this region and affects relations of government and society, human and political groups in the internal and external facets. Critical conditions, intervention of foreign powers and political despotism are the main factors creating these types analysis in the Arabic Middle Easte political culture.