چكيده لاتين :
Variable “language” is one of the fundamental pillars of identity of any nation or “national identity”. Because The language,is the first and the most effective means of understanding and consensus and the most important constituent of culture and the best transport it from generation to other generation and from community to other community. politics and power as the basic concepts in political geography have crucial role in the preservation or destruction of “language” as one of the most important variable of culture and national identity. At past,While the most important function of "language" was to express thoughts, feelings and opinions by the person,the new linguistic theories mainly are emphasizing on the role of language as coordinator of "Social Behavior".
During speaking of history, culture and identity of Iranian territories,have to be used the word "Countries of Iran" ,for example, territory of Tajikistan as a time not so far away, was part of”one Iran” and has foundations of Iranian original culture nowadays. national identity of Tajiks is influenced more by their cultural and language-namely the Persian language. But from a historical perspective ,whatever is important, is the effect of politics and power on reduce and extension of influence of Persian language domination. If we accept that "every great historical event, occurs twice", this incident occurred two times about territory of Persian language: the first time in the sixteenth century AD, after the separation of Central Asia from Iran, and the other time, at the beginning of the twenty century, after separation Bukhara and Samarkand from Tajik territory. Centuries ago,"Mavaraonnahr", or "Vara rud", especially, shortly after separation from the body of Iran, at first, was under influence of the Uzbek’s culture and then tsarist Russia and afterward the communist government culture,and under pressure the communist government, was forced to change his handwriting ; this led to the new Tajik generation was stopped of its historical identity. Republic of Tajikistan, the year after year , was affected not “national identity” but “political identity” that the Kremlin dictated to them by politics and power. Rupture from Persian language and lack of associated with the ancient literary, leading to a fluid identity or the loss of identity for the Tajik; Because of Stalinist policies to change the map of human geography in Central Asia with the aim of maintaining the political unity of the Soviet Union, characteristics of "nationalism" has found fluid conception year after year. After independence, the party former elites and the new leaders of Tajikistan, that were reflecting tribal and regional groupings in a traditional society were also, agreed to lead the process of national re-awakening and re-discover on their own identity and to define. They see fit Their survival and the new basis of political legitimacy and their power in the game with the "national card"; Because of two important variables in human geography of region videlicet "language" and "ethnicity", provide a good theme for their "nationalism".
The purpose of the present paper, in light of the "language" and "Geography" is how/what Persian language under "policy and power " has effected on the national identity of the people of Tajikistan during the time?
Methodology :The type of this research is applied. The descriptive - analytical method has been used in this article. Information of the paper has been collected from Libraries(books, papers ,…) and Internet. For show more information , have been used the tables and forms, by using software Excel.
The results indicate that the dominant influence of Persian language under the policies and invasion of powers in various territories of Central Asia, especially Tajikistan, expanded or reduced. Tajik scholars and intellectuals have clearly found that the only way to preserve national and ethnic and cultural identity of people and nation, is sitting in fence of Persian language and culture, as the long period of 1100 years in besieging various ethnics, only the nation of Tajik was nation in the fence that continued to struggle for maintain their ethnic identity.An attempt to gain officially for Tajik language, was an important move toward national consciousness awakening and increase political awareness of Tajiks; “Language law” and “handwriting issue” were presented as symbols of strengthening the unity of the people of Tajikistan. Tajik authorities to return to their national identity accomplish to other measures such as the establishment of the " Society of the world Tajiks and Persian-speaking ", celebrating "The first worldʹs international congress on Tajiks and Persian-speaking” and holding “Language Day celebration” every year and so on . Despite all efforts to promote of Persian language in Tajikistan, variables of “ power and politics" of Russian type provide the problems of in it that its consequences still remain.Therefore, whatever definiens by the government and the ruling forces of the Republic of Tajikistan is a comprehensive definition from national identity ,at the same time, national loyalty and range of participation of different people to their country will increase and trying to keep it especially one of the key elements of identity namely language. Element of Persian language causes the Persian countries such as Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Also partial to Farsi and Farsi speakers all over the world to achieve a unity.
