نقد و بررسي ادله نقلي طهارت و نجاست اهل كتاب

A Critical Examination of Traditional Arguments for Purity and Impurity of the People of the Book

مساله طهارت و نجاست اهل كتاب به جهت ضرورت معاشرت مسلمانان با ايشان حايز اهميت مي باشد. با اين كه مشهور نزد فقهاي شيعه نجاست اهل كتاب است ولي بسياري از متاخرين و متقدمين فقهاي شيعه اهل كتاب را پاك مي دانند به به جز اندكي از علماي اهل سنت حكم به طهارت اهل كتاب داده اند. در عصر حاضر كه ارتباطات ضرورتي اجتناب ناپذير است و انسان ها با قطع نظر از نژاد و دين و مذهب با يكديگر در تعامل هستند، بايد مساله طهارت يا نجاست اهل كتاب تبيين شود. آن دسته از فقهايي كه فتوي به طهارت اهل كتاب داده اند به اصل طهارت و اصل برايت و ناكافي بودن ادله قايلين به نجاست تمسك جسته اند و فقهايي كه فتوي به نجاست اهل كتاب داده اند به برخي آيات و روايات متمسك شده اند و حتي برخي ادعاي اجماع كرده اند. اين پژوهش درصدد بعدازبررسي اجمالي مفهوم كفر و شرك به بررسي و تبيين دلايل هر دو طايفه از فقها و ارايه تحليلي جامع در موضوع طهارت و نجاست اهل كتاب بپردازد.

The consideration of the problem of the purity or impurity of people of the book seems to be of the utmost importance,since nowadays the relationship between Muslims and people of the book has been inevitable and some questions have been raised with regard to it. Although the people of the book are commonly regarded as impure by the Shiite Jurisprudents, a great many contemporary and early Shiite jurisprudents regard the people of the Book as pure; and they, except for few Sunni Scholars, have regarded them as pure. The problem of the purity or impurity of the people of the book has to be explained since the present circumstances involve communication among people who are a different race and have different religion. Those jurisprudents who have regarded the people of the book as pure have appealed to the principle of purity and innocence and the inadequacy of the arguments advanced by their opponents. On the other hand,The jurisprudents who have regarded the people of the book as impure have appealed to some Quranic verses and traditions; even some have claimed that there is consensus in this regard. Having briefly considered the concept of polytheism, this writing is concerned to explain the arguments put forward by these two groups of jurisprudents, and provide a comprehensive analysis of the problem of the purity or impurity of the people of book. This writing is not going to examine the different aspects of this important issue in great detail