ارزيابي نقش منظر فضاهاي جمعي در كيفيت شهري، نمونه موردي: منطقه يك تهران

The Quality Assessment of Public Spaces in the Urban Landscape

امروزه، فضاهاي عمومي شاخص، در غياب سياست ها و مديريت هاي جامعه در جايگاه والاي خود مورد توجه كافي قرار نگرفته و پاسخگويي به نيازهاي متنوع انسان امروز و تامين آسايش در سايه ي انعطاف پذيري عملكردي آن ناديده گرفته شده است. در سال هاي اخير، كيفيت فضاي جمعي روندي رو به رشد را طي نكرده، حال آن كه انسانها در سراسيمگي شهرهاي امروز، تنها به دنبال عرصه هايي با هويت هاي ويژه هستند تا علاوه بر تامين آسايش و تعامل باهم نوعان، در بستر پويايي اجتماعي به كمال متعالي خود نايل شوند. در اين نوشتار به منظور نيل به هدف اصلي مقاله كه ارزيابي نقش منظر فضاهاي جمعي در ارتقا كيفيت و هويت شهري است به بررسي ويژگي هاي فضاي جمعي منطقه و عوامل موثر در كيفيت آن مي پردازيم. در ادامه سعي بر آن است تا پس از معرفي فضاهاي عمومي شاخص در منطقه يك تهران و ويژگي هاي آن، به بررسي كيفيت فضاي عمومي در محله با استفاده از تحليل SOWT پرداخته شود. نتايج نشان مي دهد كه فضاهاي جمعي موجود در منطقه اغلب داراي تمامي خصوصيات يك فضاي جمعي مناسب نبوده و با آشفتگي و اغتشاش روبه رو مي باشد. همچنين نياز به ايجاد فضاي جمعي در سطح منطقه و محلات با توجه به افزايش جمعيت و مهاجرپذيري منطقه به عنوان عنصر لازم در مقياس شهري ضروري مي باشد.

Public spaces are one of the major spaces in metropolitan areas which civic life flows in. Also super aspect of public relations is reflected in public spaces. There was social correlations sites and spaces with different scales in traditional era of Iranian cities, but because of the transformation of urban spatial in the modern period these spaces were stripped of their social burden. In hence, regardless of the role they can play, structure of the city with these spaces led to illegible and non-recognizable context of the city. “Urban Public Spaces” should be a place for “social interaction” and “social life”. Public spaces have a mission to increase “social capital” in communities, in the context of social interactions and connections which can be admitted for the development and formation of “individuality” and “social’ identity. The urban landscape can be examined with the aspects of functional, identical and aesthetic. Urban landscape with the three dimensions of emotional, cultural and ecological identity is a new type of fluid identity that directly relates to the perception of citizens. Attention to the landscape as a basic and necessary (but not sufficient) factor for the qualification of urban spaces has a special significance. Quality of urban space as a product of the interaction between human, activity and physic of the city is dependent on the quality of its visual components. Visual components of urban space due to the nature of concrete are human perceived senses; providing background of perception, cognition and environmental assessment of citizens. The role of public spaces in the urban landscape is summarized in three major components: functional role of environment, the aesthetic (visual) role and identity role. Paying attention to the roles and improving the situation of urban public spaces, this paper attempted to assess the effectiveness, the role of public spaces in urban identity and quality of region no.1 of Tehran. The statistic population of this study is the inhabitants of Shemiranat (Tajrish) city center which is located in region no.1 of municipality of Tehran and according to the population census of 1385; there were 7,840 persons and 2863 households. Sample population were selected by those who had answered the questionnaires, Finally, the extracted information from the questionnaires were examined by some methods of analysis and using SPSS statistical software. In order to analyze public spaces as well as the quality and identity, SWOT analysis matrix was used. Categories of subjective and objective factors such as perception, reading, visual aspects and functional capabilities of public spaces for region no.1 as well as effective factors in role-creating, persistence in addressed mind, create and reinforce memories and perspectives play role in qualification of urban spaces. Public spaces of the urban landscape due to favorable factors have played a significant role in the life and vitality of urban space. Existences of the natural environment in conceptual and historical aspects, and recreation of natural and cultural perspective are effective factors to promote a sense of community and place. On the other hand, often the existing public spaces have such characteristics that are not suitable for a public space. Thus, there are obstacles in the way of successful function of spaces which can be divided into two main groups: 1) physical problem (in terms of perceived quality), 2) lack of planning and management problems (in terms of intangible quality). Nowadays, with the physical problems that often are important for performance, trade and providing services, these places will become the centers of chaos and confusion due to problems caused by lack of a plan for monitoring and managing these spaces. Keywords: Public Spaces, Urban Landscape, Urban Quality, Region 1 Tehran.