مهاجرت علماي عتبات به ايران؛ بازتاب و پيامدهاي آن

Immigration of Ulama of “Atabat” to Iran; its Reflections and Consequences

يكي از بزرگ‌ترين تحولات ايران در اوايل سال‌هاي 1301 تا 1302 شمسي، مهاجرت علماي عراق به ايران بود كه شخصيت‌ها و علماي مشهوري در آن گرد هم جمع شدند و نقش برجسته‌اي در حوادث ايران ايفا كردند. اين پژوهش، با روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي مهاجرت علما به ايران و بازتاب و پيامدهاي آن را مورد توجه قرار داده است، مهاجرتي كه در دو زمان انجام گرفت، نخست در اواسط 1301شمسي، همزمان با حكومت ملك فيصل، كه شيخ محمد خالصي‌زاده و سيدمحمد صدر به همراه عده‌اي از فعالان سياسي عراق به ايران تبعيد شدند. موج دوم مهاجرت، كه بازتاب‌هايي نيز بدنبال داشت در اواخر بهار 1302 شروع شد و طي آن مراجع و علماي طراز اول عتبات به ايران تبعيد شدند. مهاجرت علما به ايران، بازتاب آن در جامعه، برخورد علماي داخل ايران با علماي مهاجر و نتايج و پيامدهاي اين رويداد از سرفصل‌هاي مهم اين مقاله به شمار مي‌آيد.

The immigration of the Ulama of Iraq to Iran was one of the most important events of Iran, which has been occurred in the beginning of years 1301 and 1302 hijri shamsi. The result of that immigration was the accomplishment of gathering of a group of famous Ulama and figures that played a prominent role in the Iranian issues. This research has studied the immigration of Ulama to Iran and its reflections and consequences by applying the descriptive – analytical method. This immigration was conducted in two period, the first occurred in middle of 1301 shamsi, contemporary with Malik Feisal reign, which Sheikh Mohammad Khalesizadeh and Sayyid Muhammad Sadr along with some of Iraqi political activists have been exiled from Iraq to Iran on that period. The second wave of immigration which was followed by reflections has been started in the late spring 1302, whereby some of maraji and leading authorities of “Atabat” were exiled to Iran. Immigration of Ulama to Iran and its reflection in the society, the dealing of Ulama of Iran with immigrant Ulama and the results and consequences of this event are the main topics of this paper.