بررسي علل و عوامل آثار جرايم جنسي عليه زنان در منظر قوانين حقوق كيفري ايران

Causes and Effects of Sexual Crimes against Women in Iranian Criminal Law Perspective

موضوع ارتكاب جرايم جنسي از جمله آزار جنسي زنان كشورهاي اسلامي در مقايسه با كشورهاي ديگر بهخصوص كشورهاي غربي، به دليل وضعيت مذهبي، فرهنگي و اجتماعي محدود است، ولي نفس ارتكاب اين جرايم نشان از وجود آسيبهايي اجتماعي و فرهنگي دارد كه لازم است با استفاده از رهيافتهاي ديني وكنترل اجتماعي دين و بهويژه سياست جنايي اسلام، به صورت ريشهاي با آن مبارزه كرد. بيترديد خشونت و آزار جنسي زنان به عنوان يكي از انواع انحرافات اجتماعي، از عوامل مهم اختلال امنيت فرهنگي، اجتماعي، نظم و انتظام جوامع محسوب ميشود و به همين دليل نظامهاي مختلف حقوقي، راهكارها، تدابير و اقدامات ويژهاي را در كنترل، برخورد و ريشهكن كردن آن اتخاذ ميكنند. در اين ميان نظام حقوقي اسلام و سياست جنايي متخّذ از آن با انحرافات جنسي عموماً وخشونت و آزارجنسي خصوصاً به شدت برخورد ميكند. اين مقاله با ارايه تعريفي از خشونت، آزارجنسي و ذكر انواع آن، به بررسي اجمالي و تبيين احكام فقهي و مجازاتهاي مقرر با تكيه بر حقوق كيفري ايران و مسيوليت دولتها در اين زمينه پرداخته است.ضمناً با مشخص شدن خلا هاي قانوني، پيشنهادهاي مناسب حقوقي هم ارايه شده است.

Today, violence against women and their abuse are committed in a variety of ways, the most complicated and severe type of which is sexual crimes that are increasingly overgrown. Human societies are dipped into the whirlpool of corruption due to leaving their heavenly learned lessons; yet they barely think of religious solutions. Perhaps, the same phenomenon applies to Islamic countries, as well. Although – due to religious, cultural and social conditions - the issue of sexual crimes commitment including sexual abuse of women is more limited in these countries compared to other ones and in particular western countries, the essence of committing such crimes implies social and cultural damages which should be radically fought against, making use of religious approaches and social control model of the religion and especially Islam criminal policy. A glance at respective statistics indicates social harms and deviations; however, it has not still surrounded the whole society. Undoubtedly, the violence against and sexual abuse of women are considered as one of the different social deviations, major disturbing factors of cultural, social, regulatory and disciplinary security of the societies, and that is why different legal systems adopt particular solutions, strategies and measures to control, handle and eradicate it. In the meantime, Islamic legal system and the criminal policy adopted, takes severe action against sexual deviations in general and sexual violence and abuse in particular. The author of this paper intended to provide a quick overview and description of juridical rulings and the penalties prescribed in Iranian criminal law and Syrian criminal law by proposing a definition for sexual violence and abuse while specifying different types of them so as to offer suitable legal suggestions as well as to determine the related legal gaps.