پژوهشي در آراي عرفاني و سلوك معنوي شيخ نجم‌الدين كبري

A Research over Mystical Views and Spiritual Journey of Sheikh Najmoddin the Great

ابوالجناب احمد خيوقي، معروف به شيخ نجم الدين كبري، مفسر، محدث و عارف نامور ايران و اسلام بود كه بيش از دو دهه از زندگي خويش را به سير و سياحت علمي و معنوي در ممالك اسلامي پرداخت و در اين سفرها، علوم اسلامي خاصه علم حديث و طريقت معنوي و عرفاني را از استادان بزرگ عصر، فراگرفت و بعد از تهذيب نفس ، تحصيل علوم معنوي و دريافت مقام ارشادي از سوي شيخ خويش، به زادگاهش، خوارزم بازگشت و در سال هاي 585 ق، تا 618 ق ، در آن سرزمين به اشاعه آموزه هاي عرفاني و حمايت از مشتاقان طريقت اهتمام ورزيد؛ وي علاوه بر تحرير آثار فراوان در سير و سلوك ، به پرورش مريداني از خطه خراسان و ماورا النهر پرداخت و از اين طريق ، علوم عرفاني را علي رغم جوسياسي و مذهبي حاكم بر دارالملك خوارزمشاهيان،رونق و استمرار داد. در اين اثر ، بر آنيم ، پس از ارزيابي حيات علمي و مذهبي شيخ نجم الدين، جو مذهبي و ديني منطقه خراسان، ماورا النهر و خوارزم، در عصر او، آموزه هاي عرفاني و معنوي شيخ در گرگانج، مركز امپراتوري شرق عالم اسلام، خاصه مناظره او به عنوان مدافع طريقت و كشف و شهود با امام فخر رازي، نماينده مشرب كلامي و استدلالي تجزيه و تحليل نماييم

Known as Sheikh Najmoddin the Great, Abuljenab Ahmand Kheivi was the famous commentator, relationist, and mystic of Islam and Iran who spent the two decades of his life on scientific and spiritual research in Islamic territories. In his journeys, he learned the special science of relation and mystical and spiritual journeys from the great scholars of his time and then after refining his soul, learning spiritual science, and achieving the ability to teach out of his own sheikh, he went back to his hometown Kharazm. Over there, he began extending his mystical teachings and supporting the enthusiasts. In addition to writing great deal of works on spiritual journeys, he nurtured followers from Khorasan and Mesopotamia, out of which he spread the mystical science despite the prevailing political and religious atmosphere throughout Kharazm kingdom. This paper endeavors to analyze the religious atmosphere of Khorasan , Mesopotamia and Kharazm after evaluating his scientific and religious life, together with his mystical and spiritual teachings in Gorganj, the east empire of the Islamic world, especially his debate as the advocate of Tariqa and intuition with Imam Fakhr Razi, the representative of Sufi and Reasoning school. Key words: Najmoddin the Great; Kharazm; religious situation; mysticism and Sufism; tariqa disciples; Fakhr Razi.