بررسي حجّيت حكم عقل از ديدگاه علّامه طباطبايي با تكيه بر تفسير الميزان

The Authority of Judgements of Reason from the Allameh Tabatabaiʹʹs Viewpoint with Emphasis on Al-Mizan Quranʹʹs Commentary

حجّيت حكم عقل از مسايل نسبتا پرچالش علم اصول بوده كه دانشمندان اصولي را مقابل يكديگر قرار داده است. اين گروه ها به علت عدم پذيرش قاعده ملازمه احكام شرع با عقل و يا انكار حسن و قبح ذاتي، حكم عقل را زيرسوال برده اند. به نظر مي رسد علت چنين اختلافاتي عدم شناخت صحيح از حقيقت عقل انسان و اراده الهي در نظام تشريع باشد. در مقاله حاضر، ديدگاه هاي علّامه طباطبايي فيلسوف، مفسر و اصولي برجسته، در دو حوزه چيستي حجّيت عقل و فلسفه حجّيت حكم عقل، و جايگاه آن در ارزيابي ساير ادله جست وجو شده است. اشاعره، معتزله و ماديون ديدگاه هاي مختلفي را در اين باره بيان كرده اند؛ اما علّامه با دقت تمام، نظام تشريع را طبق اراده الهي تابع عقلا مي داند. به نظر او، قاعده ملازمه احكام شرع با عقل و حسن و قبح ذاتي امري است كه با دقت در افعال خداوند و آيات قرآن ثابت مي شود.

The Authority of judgement of intellect is one of the challenging issues in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence which has brought those learned in the Principles in to conflict with each other. Due to rejecting the rule for correlation of the precepts of the Islamic Law with reason and or denying essential goodness and badness, These groups have questioned the rational Judgments. It seems that the reason for such differences of opinion is the lack of correct recognition of the reality of human intellect and divine will in the legislation system. The present paper seeks to cast light on, the views of Allameh Tabatabai, the philosopher, the Quranic exegete interpreter and the prominent scholar of the principles of injurisprudence, in two realms that is, the nature of authority of reason and the philosophy of the authority of judgment of reason and its status in the evaluation of the other arguments. Concerning thesubject in question, Ashʹarites, Muʹtazila and materialist philosophers have presented different views. But the late Allameh, with full attention, considers the legislation system, , being subject, to the divine will, to be subject to the judgments of wise people. In his viewpoint, the rule for the correlation of the Islamic Law with reason and the essential goodness and badness is a matter which is proved by paying careful attention to God’s actions and the relevant verses of the Holy Quran.