الگوي هولوگرافيك در سير تكاملي شهر

Holographic model for the evolution of the city

مسيله «خلق كليت» يا حفظ و تكوين آن، از كوچكترين اجزا در معماري گرفته تا منظر شهري چيزي است كه امروزه طراحان را به طور جدي با خود درگير كرده است. رشد شهر نه زاده ذهن يك نفر است و نه زاده يك گروه منسجم از اذهان. بافت و ساختار شهرهاي امروزي حاصل فرآيندي است كه از سال‌هاي بسيار دور آغاز شده است. شناخت معماري و شهرسازي تاريخي ميتواند زمينه مناسبي براي درك الگوهاي سنتّي پديد آورد تا با توجه به آن بتوان آثاري خلق كرد كه ضمن دارا بودن خصوصيات كالبدي و كاركرديِ مناسب، از هويت فرهنگي شايسته‌اي نيز برخوردار باشد. در نظري به شهرهاي تاريخي ميتوان آنها را همچون كليتي جامع و منسجم ادراك كرد. اين جامعيت نه تنها در كلِ شهر بلكه در كوچكترين اجزاي آن نيز احساس شدني است. براساس نظريه هولوگرافيك، كل در درون جزيي است، كه در درون كل است". اين فرضيه با ملاحظه چگونگي تبديل ديدگاه هولوگرافيكي به الگويي كه بتواند وجود"كل در اجزا را در معماري و شهرسازي پوشش دهد، با تحليل بافت تاريخي شهر آمل مورد بررسي قرار مي‌گيرد. هدف اين نوشتار، تبيين الگوي هولوگرافيك در شناخت عمده‌ترين متغيرهاي تاثيرگذار در رشد و توسعه مشتمل بر مفهوم شهر، بافت و محله است. اين «الگو» مي‌تواند با پرهيز از تقليد يا تكرار كار گذشتگان، تجربيات آنان را در قالب آثار متنوع معماري نمايان سازد. در اين مقاله تلاش شده در قدم اول انديشه هولوگرافيكي دانشمندان و عرفا تعريف شود و در پايان پيرو ديدگاه هولوگرافيكي به كشف الگوي مناسبي جهت تحليل آثار معماري و شهرسازي دست يابيم تا در خدمت تعميقِ تحقيق در تاريخ معماري ايران قرار گيرد.

The issue of creating and maintaining totality, from the very small components to the view of city, is something that seriously challenges designers nowadays.The growth of a city neither is emerged in the mind of a person nor in the mind of a cohesive group. The texture and structure of todayʹs cities is the consequence of a process which began long ago. Knowing the architecture and historical urbanism can provide an appropriate context to understand the traditional patterns, in respect to which, one can create works that besides having suitable structural and functional properties, they have good cultural identity. In a view on the historical cities they can be perceived as a comprehensive and coherent whole. This integrity is not only conceivable in the wholeness of city but also in its smallest possible components. According to the theory of holographic "WHOLE IS WITHIN A PART WHICH IS WITHIN A WHOLE". One of the greatest achievements of human is urbanism. The form of the city has always been and will be the relentless index of the degree of human civilization. In terms of how the city came into existence, it may just be inferred from the scope of imagination rather than observable facts. Understanding the atmosphere of historical architecture and city, a good context for understanding the traditional patterns can be provided. According to these patterns, one can create works that besides having appropriate physical and functional characteristics, demonstrate a proper cultural identity. Successful streets, spaces, villages and cities have common characteristics. These factors have been reviewed and analyzed to produce good urban design principles or objectives. Old spaces have an identity which is formed gradually and in response to local needs. Development that is sensitive to the site and its context can create a place that is worthwhile and desirable for the eyes. Development is either in direction of integration and coordination of urban fabric or undermines it. Urban design issues are often applying good and appropriate methods and also considering the fact that every building is part of a larger whole. The purpose of this paper is to explain a holographic model to identify the major effective variables in urban growth and development and to make planners, policy makers and city managers avoid the occurrence of abnormal development in the cities of our country. The major variables in this paper include the concept of context, neighborhood and region. To explain the development, a holographic pattern is defined and its function in urban development is evaluated. In this paper, it is tried to provide a brief overview of the concepts of the component and the whole, unity and diversity based on holographic theory, through which an appropriate approach is chosen to identify and examine the atmospheric or physical change of the old texture of Amol in different historical periods to date. Many theories have been proposed in this field. The method is interpretative–historical. The concepts will be reexamined through historical narrative of analyses and proofs. In this study, the statistical population is the old and historic context of Amol. Due to the large population and limited time deductive reasoning is used to identify the target population. For this purpose, Kardgar, Chaksr, Mashayi, and Paein Bazaar neighborhoods are selected as sample points. This hypothesis tries to convert holographic view to a model which can cover the existence of wholeness in components in architecture and city planning; it will be carried out by analyzing the historical texture of Amol. This paper aims to explain the holographic model to understand the major factors affecting the development; factors such as textures, neighborhoods and districts. This "model", can show their experiences in a variety of architectural works, without duplicating prior works. In this article, at first, it is tried to identify the holographic idea of scientists and then explore an appropriate pattern to analyze architectural and urban planning works and serve to deepen the study of architectural history of Iran.