جانب هنجاري تلقي اسلامي از آزادي

The Normative Aspect of Islamic View Point toward freedom

جانب هنجاري بحث درباره آزادي، آزادي را نه از منظر هستي شناختي و نه به عنوان واقعيت (Fact)، بلكه به مثابه «ارزش» مطالعه مي كند و الزامات و توصيه هاي برخاسته از اين ارزش را در نحوه شكل دهي و سامان دهي شبكه روابط و مناسبات حاكم بر جامعه بررسي مي نمايد. مقاله حاضر نشان مي دهد كه اوّلاً، تلقي اسلامي از آزادي داراي چه مباني و مولفه هايي است و با ديگر تلقي هاي كلان موجود از آزادي چه نسبتي برقرار مي كند؟ و ثانياً اقتضايات و الزامات كلان و اصلي برخاسته از اين تلقي در سامان دهي «جامعه اسلامي» چيست؟ نويسنده بر آن است كه نگاه خاص اسلام به انسان، و تصويري كه از ارتباط ميان انسان و خدا، و نيز غايات، فضايل و خيرات انساني ارايه مي دهد، موجب مي گردد كه آزادي در مراتبي به عنوان «حق» نشيت گرفته از اختيار و انتخابگري انسان مطرح شود و در مراتبي به مثابه «ارزش في نفسه» كه مستلزم «خودشكوفايي معنوي» انسان و به فعليت رسيدن اهداف و غايات «من فطري» آدمي است، به رسميت شناخته شود. در صورت پذيرش آزادي به عنوان حق و ارزش في نفسه، «دولت اسلامي» كه مقدمه تكوين «جامعه اسلامي» است، مكلّف به نهادسازي ها و فرهنگ سازي هاي لازم براي صيانت و بسط تلقي اسلامي از آزادي مي شود.

The normative aspect of argument concerning freedom studies freedom neither ontologically nor as a fact, but as a “value”, and it investigates the necessities and recommendations originated from this value toward the development and the organization of the relationships and occasions dominant on society. The present article initially demonstrates the constructive elements of the Islamic view point toward freedom as well as the kind of relationship that it makes with the other existent major attitude and then, the major requirements and necessities originated from this view in the organization of “Islamic society”. The author believes that the special view of Islam toward man and the picture presented through the relationship between man and God as well as the objectives, virtues and humanistic goods would lead to the statement of freedom in some ranks as “right” which is originated from the man’s willpower and his freedom of choice while in the other ranks, they are officially recognized as “value in itself” which necessitates the “spiritual self- productiveness” of human and the realization of the goals of his “innate self “. By accepting the freedom as right and value in itself, the “Islamic state “considered as a prelude to the genesis of “Islamic society” would be obligated to the essential institutionalization and cultivation in order to preserve and develop an Islamic view toward freedom.