گونه شناختي و معرفي سفالينه هاي دوران اسلامي بلوچستان (مكران جنوبي)

Introducing and Typology of Islamic Potteries from Baluchistan Region, Mokran South

سرزمين بلوچستان در طي دوران اسلامي داراي استقرارهاي انساني بسياري بوده، اما متاسفانه مطالعه سفالينه‌هاي اسلامي در اين حوزه كم‌تر مورد توجه محققان و باستان‌شناسان قرار گرفته است. براي تامين اين منظور، بر آن شديم كه مجموعه سفالينه‌هاي اسلامي جمع‌‌آوري شده در بررسي روش‌مند باستان‌شناختي مكران جنوبي (شهرستان‌هاي نيك‌شهر و چابهار) در استان سيستان و بلوچستان را مورد مطالعه و بررسي قرار داده و حاصل كار را در قالب اين پژوهش به رشته تحرير در آوريم. با نمونه‌برداري از سطوح محوطه‌هاي شناسايي شده از دوران اسلامي در شهرستان هاي نيكشهر و چابهار، تعداد 474 قطعه سفال شاخص از اين دوران جمع‌آوري گرديد. گاهنگاري نمونه‌هاي مذكور و نيز بررسي كيفيت ساخت و تزيين سفال اسلامي نيازمند مطالعه همه جانبه بود كه در قالب: طبقه‌بندي، گونه‌شناسي، گونه‌شناختي و مطالعات آماري اين مجموعه انجام پذيرفت. نتايج حاصل از مطالعات انجام شده به وضوح ارتباط فرهنگي اين منطقه را با خراسان بزرگ، سيستان و حوزه جازموريان نشان مي‌دهد. هم‌چنين اين منطقه به لحاظ نقوش تزييني، به‌ويژه تزيين با رنگ، نسبت به مراكز عمده سفال‌گري در سطح پايين‌تري قرار دارند. در اين پژوهش كوشش بر آن است تا با ثبت و ضبط نمونه‌هاي سفالين جمع‌آوري شده از سطوح محوطه‌هاي دوران اسلامي در شهرستان‌هاي نيك‌شهر و چابهار، نسبت به: طبقه‌بندي، گونه‌شناسي و مقايسه گونه‌شناختي آن‌ها اقدام گردد. با توجه به تعداد و تنوع گونه‌ها و نيز با در نظر داشتن اين مهم كه هنوز گامي جدي در مطالعه سفال‌هاي دوران اسلامي منطقه بلوچستان برداشته نشده است، تحقيق حاضر بر آن است تا با انجام مطالعه علمي و روش‌مند، زمينه را براي روشن نمودن دوران اسلامي در سرزمين بلوچستان فراهم آورد.

It is the fact that Baluchistan land has abundant settlements during the Islamic period; however, investigation of Islamic potteries have been rarely considered by the scholars and archeologists of the Islamic Period, unfortunately. Aiming to get this, it was decided to survey and examine the Islamic potteries collected from the survey performed on the towns of Nikshahr and Chabahar in Sistan & Baluchistan province carried out by Rouhollah Shirazi during the years 2002 and 2009 respectively; then, it was aimed to provide the results in form of the mentioned thesis titled “survey of the Pottery Samples Collected from the Islamic Ages in Nikshahr and Chabahar”; moreover, to study (classify, perform typology, and typological comparison) all of the 474 pieces of the Islamic potteries obtained from Nikshahr and Chabahar region consequently. According to the performed studies the following results were obtained: 1- Results of the present study shows that the Sgrafitto decorated pottery is the common type of the Islamic period pottery in Iranian Baluchistan which regarding to the typological comparison with regions such as Nishabur, Jiroft, Sirjan, Pishavar, Bamian, and Kush have been popular and prevalence in this area by the 4th to 11th AH centuries. 2- Survey and comparison of the quality of designs of potteries in species such as “Painting under turquoise glazed “ and “ Blueand White” show that they have designs from other regions; it can be clearly realized that the Islamic potteries are ranked in lower levels in terms of quality of decorated designs- color adornment- compared to main pottery production centers in Iran and other Islamic countries and lack of even one piece of pottery with painting on glaze like Zarinfam, Silhoto, and enamel potteries, denotes the fact that potters of Iranian Baluchistan had insufficient skill in this decorative technique. 3- As mentioned before, regarding to the pottery typology of the region and their similarity to the potteries related to the Great Khorasan, Sistan, and Jazmourian region, cultural relationship among these regions can be apparently perceived. Moreover, survey and comparison of the potteries of the region with those from other countries such as Syria, Iraq, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and China, it can be concluded that the Iranian Baluchistan (Nikshahr and Chabahar region) had extensive communications and cultural and artistic similarities with other regions. 4- Due to their high similarities with Great Khorasan potteries, Sistan and Jazmoryan and Jiroft area especially, their cultural connections can be clearly realized. Comparing these potteries with Syria, Iraq, Egypt, UAE, Turkey and China, It can be said that the Iranian Baluchistan (the areas of Chabahar Nikshahr) has extensive connections with other areas in terms of the art and equality culture. In terms of form and technique, the lack of sufficient pottery data found from Baluchistan region and the diversity of this study they are very similar to the pottery from neighbor regions, proved by studying the Pottery in structure, techniques, designs leading to have effective help getting know to Islamic pottery of Iranian Baluchistan (Nikshahr and Chabahar). Generally, the study shows that the Baluchistan (Nikshahr and Chabahar region)had a good advancement in pottery production and expanded cultural and artistic relations with the neighbor regions, far reaching lands during the Islamic period (4th - 11th centuries).