تحليل سرمايه‌هاي اجتماعي موثر بر مشاركت در ارتقاي بافت‌هاي نابسامان شهري (نمونه موردي: محله امام‌زاده حسن، منطقه 17، شهر تهران)

Analysis of Impacts of Social Capitals on Participation to Improve Urban Dilapidated Areas Case Study: Imamzadeh Hassan Neighborhood, 17th District, Tehran

در اين مقاله پس از تبيين مفهوم سرمايه اجتماعي و كاركردهاي آن، به تحليل رابطه شاخص‌هاي سرمايه اجتماعي و تمايل به مشاركت سازمان‌يافته پرداخته مي‌شود. شاخص‌هاي مورد بررسي از مطالعات و تجربيات داخلي و جهاني استخراج گرديده و با روش پيمايش در محله امام‌زاده حسن مورد سنجش قرار گرفته است. تحليل همبستگي شاخص‌هاي سرمايه اجتماعي و تمايل به مشاركت سازمان‌يافته نشان مي‌دهد كه شاخص‌هاي احساس تعلق (با ضريب 0.332)، مشاركت اجتماعي (با ضريب 0.412)، اعتماد بين افراد (با ضريب 0.401)، اعتماد نهادي (با ضريب 0.352) و انسجام اجتماعي (با ضريب 0.335) بر تمايل به مشاركت سازمان‌يافته ساكنان تاثير دارد ولي شاخص امنيت بر آن تاثيري ندارد. نتايج تحليل مسير تمايل به مشاركت سازمان‌يافته و شاخص‌هاي تاثير‌گذار سرمايه اجتماعي بر آن نشان مي‌دهد كه شاخص اعتماد نهادي بر تمايل به مشاركت سازمان‌يافته تاثير مستقيم و افزاينده دارد و شاخص‌هاي اعتماد بين افراد، احساس تعلق و انسجام اجتماعي به‌صورت غير‌مستقيم بر آن تاثير افزاينده دارند. شاخص مشاركت اجتماعي نيز هم به‌صورت مستقيم و هم به‌صورت غير‌مستقيم بر تمايل به مشاركت سازمان‌يافته تاثير افزاينده دارد. اين نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه ارتقاي شاخص‌هاي سرمايه‌هاي اجتماعي موثر بر مشاركت مي‌تواند به‌عنوان راهي جهت ارتقاي بافت‌هاي نابسامان در نظر گرفته شود.

The physical comprehensive viewpoint on development has been the reason of failure of many urban plans in practice. One major reason can be lack of consideration and attention to existing capacities and potentials within communities. In this regard, dilapidated areas are usually considered to have many problems and weaknesses, while they can include capacities that considering them might lead to acceleration of their development. Social capital as an important part of local capacity can be used by individuals and groups to facilitate their accessibility to local resources and would bring the possibility of taking better decisions for their welfare in addition to giving democratic validity to a community. The key concepts in social capital include participation in social networks, existence of common norms and creation of social trust. Social capital provides the possibility of achieving specific objectives which are inaccessible without it. This issue is critically important in improving dilapidated areas, since the residents would find themselves shareholders in the implementation of the project benefiting from its added value, which can result in improvement of their life quality. The objective of this paper is to investigate the rate and method of effectiveness of social capital indicators on participation tendency of local residents. In order to reach this goal, the indicators are extracted from domestic and international studies and are measured in Imamzadeh Hassan neighborhood located in 17th District of Tehran through survey and random sampling. The results of correlation analysis of social capital indicators and the tendency for participation in neighborhood indicate that indicators of belongingness (0.332), social participation (0.412), inter-personal trust (0.401), institutional trust (0.352) and social integration (0.335) are effective on participation tendency of residents; however the indicator of safety has no impact on it. Moreover, the results for path analysis of participation tendency and effective indicators of social capital indicate that the indicator of institutional trust (0.21) has a direct and increasing impact on participation tendency and indicators of interpersonal trust (0.077), local belongingness (0.042) and social integration (0.018) had indirect increasing impact on participation tendency and the indicator of social participation has both direct (0.176) and indirect (0.041) increasing impact on participation tendency. These results indicate that developing effective social capitals on participation, especially social participation and institutional trust as the most important factors, can be considered as a way to promote quality of urban dilapidated areas. Along this, organizing the local management system and providing the possibility of growth for NGOs is considered to be an inevitable issue. Furthermore, the productive foundations of social capital, which are creating new identities based on citizen participation, shall be recognized and they shall be used in favor of urban management.