شواهدي از وجود دژي مربوط به ايالت اليپي در لايه هاي زيرين قلعه فلك الافلاك خرم آباد، لرستان

Some Evidence on the Existence of Ellipi Castle Underneath the Falak-0 Al Aflak Castle, Khorram Abad, Iran

دره خرم‌آباد در منطقه زاگرس‌مركزی دارای خصوصیات منحصر به‌فرد و ویژه‌ای است. در میانه دره و درست در جایی كه رودخانه خرم‌آباد به سمت شمال‌غرب می‌چرخد و زاویه‌ای ایجاد می‌كند، صخره‌ای طبیعی وجود دارد كه چشمه‌ای پرآب در زیر آن می‌جوشد و از جهات شرق، جنوب و جنوب‌غرب رودخانه خرم‌آباد آن را فرا گرفته است. در تابستان سال 1386 ش. كاوش لایه‌نگاری با ایجاد گمانه‌ای با ابعاد 3×3 متر در گوشه جنوب‌غربی حیاط دوم قلعه فلك‌الافلاك آغاز شد كه در عمق پایانی 30/13متری به‌دلیل ایجاد پله به 2×1متر رسید. در پایان فصل دوم كاوش در سال 1387 ش.، 5 دوره فرهنگی، كه به ترتیب از قدیم به جدید مربوط به سده‌های نهم و هشتم ق.م. (آهن II پایانی)، دوره‌های فراهخامنشی، اشكانی، ساسانی و قرون متأخر اسلامی بود، مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. طی فصل دوم كاوش لایه‌نگاری محوطه قلعه‌ی فلك‌الافلاك خرم‌آباد در سال 1387ش.، به نشانه‌هایی از وجود یك دیوار سترگ خشتی برخورد شد؛ این دیوار از عمق 30/6 متری كف حیاط دوم قلعه‌ی فلك‌الافلاك شروع ‌شده و تا سطح صخره‌ی طبیعی تپه در عمق حدود30/13 متری از كف آجرفرش حیاط قلعه ادامه یافت. این نوشتار بر آن است كه بنا به شواهد لایه‌نگاری و وجود مواد فرهنگی قابل اعتنایی چون: سفال "گونه لرستان" و معماری به‌كار رفته در آن بیان دارد كه احتمالاًَ این سازه‌ی خشتی به دژی از حكم‌رانان ایالت الیپی مربوط به قرون نهم وهشتم ق.م.تعلق دارد كه در جریان حملات ویران‌گر یكی از پادشاهان آشور در اواخر قرن هشتم یا اوایل قرن هفتم ق.م. مورد هجوم واقع گردید و به آتش كشیده شد.

Khorramabad Valley is located in Central Zagros region although has its own unique features. In the middle of the valley, where the Khorramabad River turns northwest and creates an angle, there is a natural bedrock under which a watery spring gushes. The bedrock is surrounded by the river from east, south, and southwest. In August 2008, stratigraphic excavation was started by digging a 3×3m trench on the south-western corner of the second court in Falak-ol-Aflak Castle, which reduced to 2×1m and became 13.30 m in depth finally. Following two season of excavation, five cultural periods were identified, which chronologically include the Late Iron Age II (8th – 9th century BC), Trans-Achamenid, Parthian, Sassanid, and Late Islamic period. During the 2nd season of the stratigraphic excavations carried out at the precincts of Falak-ol-Aflak Castle in Khorramabad valley in 2008, some signs of a large brick wall were appeared. The wall started from a depth of 6.30 meters from the brick floor of its second precinct, continuing up to the surface of the hill bedrock at a depth of 13.30 meters. The evidences of pottery, so-called Genre of Luristan have been found from the oldest deposits of a known settlement of stratigraphic trench, which is backed to the 9th and 8th centuries B.C. The known triple layers of this period with the evidences of burnt at the upper parts are contemporary with a wide brick defensive wall which its surface is covered. The size of used bricks is resemble to the similar ones at Lorestan specially Babajan. The oldest settlement period of this site has not been identified from the stratigraphic trench, but an excavated trench doing the stability activities of castle foundation in the southern part of the second yard has shown that the thick layers is belong to the Middle and late Bronze Age with the potsherds parallel to the Godin III culture. These shards are also existence as the mixed materials of the mentioned bricks in the wide wall. It seems that, during the 9th and 8th centuries B.C the Bronze Age layer has been removed making a building foundation on the natural rocks. As well as, the deposits of this layer were used as construction materials of the given wall. This situation caused to unidentified layer of Bronze Age in the stratigraphic trench which situated inside above mentioned wall. According to the states and hypothesizes made by Iron Age experts, the Ellipi Rulership reigned to the Pishkouh-I Luristan during the first centuries of the 1st  millennium B.C . This rulership was united with Elamite, while it was enemy with Assyria. The ancient documents of many Assyrian kings described their campaigns and cited many of the Ellipi places as well. The cultural data of this period are the architectural remains at Babajan and the pottery so-called “Genre of Luristan”. The architecture found out Babajan the Goffʼs excavations has been special traits. Based on reports and articles which showed these traits have been stone base which mud-brick walls formed on it and surface of these walls were clay plastered. Outside in front of these walls there were fixed towers, unlike other periods, instead gyrate towers with orthogonal towers saw in Babajan. These traits found out in Falak-ol-Aflak fortress excavations. This article tries to introduce the discovered brick structure as a part of a castle attributed to the Ellipi State rules during the 9th and 8th centuries B.C. We believe that this castle has been destroyed and burnt out during the ruinous attacks by one the Assyrian kings in the late 8th or early 7th centuries B.C.