خاستگاه، منشا پيدايش و مرحله آغازين دين بشر؛ بررسي و نقد ديدگاه دكتر شريعتي

The Origin, the Genesis and the Early Stage of Human’s Religion; A Review of Dr. Shariatiʹʹs Views

اين مقاله با رويكرد تحليلي و اسنادي، با هدف بازكاوي انديشه متفكران اجتماعي و عالمان اديان، به بررسي خاستگاه و منشا پيدايش اديان و مرحله آغازين دين بشري مي پردازد و با واكاوي و بررسي ديدگاه دكتر شريعتي در اين عرصه، به استخراج نظريه ديني وي و ميزان همسويي آن با ديدگاه رايج ديني برگرفته از معارف ناب قرآن و اهل بيت عليهم السلام مي پردازد. درباره نظريات پيدايش اديان، نظريات ترس، جهل، اقتصاد، انميسم، روح گرايي، طبيعت پرستي و فطرت مطرح، و نكاتي درخور تامل در هر نظريه وارد شده است. شريعتي در اين زمينه، همه نظريات را طرح مي كند و جامعه بشري را همزاد «پرستش» مي داند و نظريه خاصي را ترجيح نمي دهد؛ اما وي مرحله آغازين دين بشري را «شرك» تلقي مي كند كه پيامبران براي بيدار كردن فطرت خداداد بشر و دعوت به توحيد فرستاده مي شوند. اين تلقي، با نظريه رايج ديني برگرفته از معارف قرآني ناهمسوست.

Using an analytical and documentary approach, this paper aims to explore the views of social thinkers and religious scholars and to investigate the origin of religions and the early stages of human’s religion. Through analyzing and studying the views of Shariati in this field, the paper extracts his religious theory and its alignment with the prevailing religious view taken from the pure teachings of Quran and Ahlol-beit. With regard to the theories about the advent of religions, theories of fear, ignorance, economy, animism, and nature worshipping, innate nature are put forward and some points which are worth considering are proposed in each theory. Shariati discusses all the views in this regard and considers human society as equivalent to "worship”. He does not prefer any particular theory; but he regards "polytheism" as the beginning stage of human religion in which the prophets are sent to awaken the human’s God-given nature and to invite people to monotheism. This understanding is not in line with the current religious theory derived from the Qur’anic teachings.