اثر اسيد ايندول بوتيريك و بستر كشت بر ريشه زايي قلمه هاي دو هيبريد جديد انتخابي هلو×بادام

Effect of IBA and Medium on Rooting of Two New Selected Peach × Almond Hybrids Cuttings

بهمنظور بررسی اثر غلظت های مختلف ایندول بوتیریك اسید و نوع بستر كشت، بر ریشه زایی قلمه های چوب سخت دو پایه از دورگه های طبیعی بادام و همگروه جی. اف 677 (شاهد)، آزمایشی در فضای زیر پوشش پلاستیكی همراه با سامانه پا گرما در گلخانه های گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. در این بررسی اثر چهار سطح ایندول بوتریك اسید (صفر، سه هزار، شش هزار و نه هزارمیلی گرم بر لیتر) در سه بستر پرلایت، كوكوپیت و تركیبی از این دو (دو قسمت پرلایت و یك قسمت كوكوپیت) بر ریشه زایی قلمه های پایه شاهد و دو هیبرید جدید انتخابی هلو × بادام، به صورت كرت دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوك های كامل تصادفی در سه تكرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد، از لحاظ درصد قلمه های ریشه دار شده و تعداد ریشه در هر قلمه و طول ریشه بین غلظت های مختلف ایندول بوتریك اسید، بسترهای كشت و پایه های بكاربرده شده درسطح احتمال یك درصد با شاهد تفاوت معنی داری وجود داشت. بیشترین درصد قلمه های ریشه دار شده و تعداد ریشه و طول ریشه از غلظت 3000 میلی گرم در لیتر ایندول بوتریك اسید و بستر پر لایت و پایه شاهد بدست آمد. در صفات مذكور اثر متقابل پایه× غلظت و بستر نیز در سطح یك درصد تفاوت را نشان داد. پایه شاهد در محیط پرلایت و غلظت 3000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر ایندول بوتیریك اسید بهترین نتیجه را داشت. هم‌چنین حجم ریشه در سطح احتمال پنج درصد تحت تاثیر غلظت هورمون بوده است كه بالاترین حجم از غلظت3000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر حاصل شد.

Introduction: Potential almond rootstock and thus main genetic sources for the breeding of its new rootstocks are almond itself, peach and plum, and these species cross-breeds Almond is a source of resistance to limestone and to drought because of its roots, which reach deep layers of soil; it is also more resistant than peach to Na and Bo. Asexual or vegetative propagation is a hereditable characteristic and this paper is a review of sources available on this character for almond rootstock breeding. The bibliographic reference regarding this species, vegetative propagation is very poor. Stem cutting is considered the most simple and economical method of propagation. It is important, particularly in horticulture for mass production of improved material within a short time and to perpetuate the characteristics of the parent plant. Materials and Methods: In this study the effects of different concentrations of indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) and medium type on rooting of hardwood stem cuttings of two rootstocks natural hybrids of almond × peach and the clone of G.F.677(as control) was investigated in plastic greenhouse with bottom heat, In this research 4 levels of IBA (0.3000,6000 and 9000 mg/l) and three levels of bed (perlait, cocopeat and, mixtures of 2 perlite + 1cocopeat) on rooting of hardwood cuttings of two almond × peach natural hybrids and control was used in a split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Hardwood cuttings were prepared in Department of Horticultural Sciences of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad at January 2011. The basal one inch of cuttings was treated with IBA solution for five seconds at 3000, 6000 and 9000 ppm. the following components were determined, the rooting percentage of cuttings, number of root, length of roots, roots fresh and dry weight and volume of roots Results and Discussion: Results showed that effects of different concentrations of IBA, on the rooting percentage of cuttings were significantly different at the %1 level compare with control. In this case were observed the highest of rooting percentage (40.9) at concentration of 3000(mg/l) and the lowest percentage (12.7) in control. The observations showed that treating almond hardwood cuttings with 3000 ppm IBA gave the highest significant rooting percentage compared with other treatments. Furthermore, results of many investigations indicated that, IBA increased rooting percentage, number of roots/cutting, length and fresh weight of roots. Also on the trait there were significantly differences in the %1 level between the growing Medias. Rooting percentage of cuttings expanded by bed of perlait. Results showed that effects of different rootstocks on the rooting percentage of cuttings were significantly different at the %1 level. In this trait observed the highest of rooting percentage at G.F.677 and there was no significant difference between the two other rootstocks.Treated with control rootstock with IBA at 3000 mg/l and Perlait resulted in the highest rooting percentage ،the maximum number of roots and root length. In the traits rooting percentage, number of roots and root length was interactions between, concentrations × bed × rootstocks significantly different at the %1 level. The result was better than Gf677× 3000 ppm of IBA × perlite bed. Also effect of treatments concentrations on root volume was significant at the %5 level. Highest root volume obtained in a concentration of 3000 mg/l of IBA. Conclusion: From our preliminary results, it could be inferred that there is a correlation between types of rootstock, concentrations of IBA and media in rooting ability of hardwood cuttings rootstocks of almond × peach. In this study, the desired result was obtained from the interaction between treatments concentration of 3000 mg per liter of IBA in perlite media and GF677 rootstock.