بررسي كاربرد استعاره در تاريخ وصاف

The study of metaphor application in Vassaf’s History

اين پژوهش با هدف نماياندن هرچه بيشتر زيبايي هاي ادبي كتاب تاريخ وصّاف صورت پذيرفته است. اين اثر كه در عالم ادب كمتر شناخته شده است، از جملۀ برجسته ترين آثار نثر فني تاريخي است كه نگارندۀ آن يعني وصاف‌الحضره كوشيده است تا با زباني شاعرانه يك كتاب تاريخي مربوط به دورۀ حكومت مغولان بر ايران را به متني ارزشمند و برجستۀ تاريخي ادبي ارتقا بخشد. او در راه خلق متني آراسته، زيبا، شاعرانه و در عين حال دقيق تاريخي سعي كرده است با بهره گيري از  آرايه ها و فنون ادبي به اين مهم نايل آيد. از جملۀ تصويرهاي شعري كه وصاف الحضره از آن بهره برده، مي توان به استعاره اشاره كرد. در اين مقاله سعي بر آن است كه به روش توصيفي و تحليلي و با توجه به بلاغت سنتي، به چگونگي كاربرد استعاره در آن از جهت انواع و ابهام پرداخته شود. نتيجۀ اين پژوهش نشان از عنايت ويژۀ وصاف به كاربرد اين صورت خيال دارد. امري كه در عين نماياندن هنر نويسندگي وي، از عوامل اصلي ابهام ‌آفرين در اين متن برشمرده مي شود

Abstract Tajziyat olAmsar and Tazjiyat olAsar which is called  Vassaf’s History  had been written by Adib Shahab odDin Fazl olLah Shirazi (born in 663 H.) who was titled “Vassaf alHazra” and is known as “Vssaf”. The subject of this book is related to the history of “Ilkhanian”, the kings in Iran from 656 to 72 H., the author considers it as a complement for Jahangosha Jovaini’s Histiory. Vassaf’s History is a notable historicalartistic (technical) literary work. Euphuism prose or artistic prose is an ornated prose which is a genethliacum according to the different figures of speech, spiritual ornament and speech lification by various descriptions, illustration, poetry, Persian and Arabic evidences and the usage of different science expressions intertextually. The artistic prose has a close relationship with poeticalness. Some literary researches equal it to poetry based on emotional and poetical aspects of artistic prose.    Vassaf alHazra tried to compose Vassaf’s History in order to develop a historical book into a famous and valuable literaryhistorical text through a poetical language. He has tried to create an ornament, beautiful, poetical and historical precise text by using figures of speech and literary devices.    The goal of this paper is to show the literary beauties of this book. The author tried to show the usage of various metaphors and ambiguity through descriptive and analytic method and conventional eloquence. The result of this research shows the specific attention of Vassaf to the use of poetic image. This application includes extended metaphor, metaphoric prediction and explicit metaphor. The application of metaphor in addition to poetic images create an individual style, this style is not very obvious in other historicalartistic texts because of the position of poetic images, with figurative and unfamiliar words and a lot of evidences. The existence of precise specially in explicit metaphor and metaphoric prediction in Vassaf’s History that is in relationship to emotive language, are the effective factors in Vassaf’s History in comparison to other historical artistic texts.