پديد آورندگان :
قنبري، جلال دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان - دانشكده كشاورزي , خواجويي نژاد، غلامرضا دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان - دانشكده كشاورزي , محمدي نژاد، قاسم دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان - پژوهشكده فناوري توليدات گياهي
كليدواژه :
اكوتيپ , پايداري , زيره سبز , همبستگي رتبه , سازگاري
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور ارزيابي پايداري و سازگاري اكوتيپ هاي مختلف زيره سبز بر مبناي اثر متقابل اكوتيپ و تاريخ كاشت، اكوتيپ هاي مختلف زيره سبز شامل سمنان، فارس، يزد، گلستان، خراسان رضوي، خراسان شمالي، خراسان جنوبي، اصفهان و كرمان در پنج تاريخ كاشت مختلف (5 دي، 20 دي، 5 بهمن، 20 بهمن و 5 اسفند) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. آزمايش در سال زراعي 91-1390 در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان اجرا شد و در پايان فصل رشد عملكرد دانه اندازه گيري گرديد. تجزيه واريانس مركب حاكي از تفاوت معني دار بين تاريخ هاي كاشت، اكوتيپ ها و اثر متقابل اكوتيپ در تاريخ كاشت بود. بيش از 46 درصد از تغييرات در عملكرد دانه به اثر متقابل اكوتيپ در تاريخ كاشت اختصاص يافت؛ بر اين اساس بررسي پايداري و سازگاري بر اساس روش هاي ناپارامتري، رگرسيون ابرهارت و راسل و پارامترهاي تك متغيره انجام شد. بر اساس روش هاي ناپارامتري (ميانگين رتبه (R)، انحراف معيار رتبه (SDR) و نسبت شاخص عملكرد (YIR)) اكوتيپ هاي كرمان و خراسان شمالي به عنوان اكوتيپ هاي پايدار و بر مبناي پارامترهاي واريانس محيطي (S2i) و ضريب تنوع ژنوتيپي (CVi) اكوتيپ هاي خراسان رضوي و سمنان پايدار و اكوتيپ هاي كرمان و يزد ناپايدار شناخته شدند. بر اساس نتايج حاصل از روش ابرهارت و راسل و پارامترهاي اكووالانس ريك و واريانس پايداري شوكلا، اكوتيپ هاي اصفهان و گلستان به عنوان اكوتيپ با پايداري عمومي متوسط، كرمان اكوتيپي با سازگاري خصوصي با تاريخ كاشت پنجم اسفندماه (محيط مساعد)، سمنان سازگار خصوصي با تاريخ كاشت پنجم دي ماه (محيط نامساعد) و خراسان شمالي حساس ترين اكوتيپ نسبت به تغيير در شرايط محيطي معرفي مي شوند.
چكيده لاتين :
1Introduction Cumin is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran and today, it is in the second level of popularity between spices in the world after black pepper. Cumin is an aromatic plant used as flavoring and seasoning agent in foods. Cumin seeds have been found to possess significant biological and have been used for treatment of oothache, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, epilepsy and jaundice. Knowledge of GEI is dvantageous to have a cultivar that gives consistently high yield in a broad range of environments and to increase efficiency of breeding program and selection of best genotypes. A genotype that has stable trait expression across environments contributes little to GEI and its erformance should be more predictable from the main several statistical methods have been proposed for stability analysis, with the aim of explaining the information contained in the GEI. Regression technique was proposed by Finlay and Wilkinson (1963) and was improved by Eberhart and Russell (1966). Generally, genotype stability was estimated by the slope of and deviation from the regression line for each of the genotypes. This is a popular method in stability analysis and has been applied in many crops. Non-parametric methods (rank mean (R), standard deviation rank (SDR) and yield index ratio (YIR)), environmental variance (S2 i) and genotypic variation coefficient (CVi) Wricke's ecovalence and Shukla's stability variance (Shukla, 1972) have been used to determine genotype-by-environment interaction in many studies. This study was aimed to evaluate the ecotype × sowing date interaction in cumin and to evaluation of genotypic response of cumin to different sowing dates using univariate stability parameters. Materials and Methods In order to study of ecotype × sowing date interaction, different cumin ecotypes: Semnan, Fars, Yazd, Golestan, Khorasan-Razavi, Khorasan-Shomali, Khorasan-Jonoubi, Isfahan and Kerman in 5 different sowing dates (26th December, 10th January, 25th January, 9th February and 24th February) were studied. Eberhart and Russell regression method and univariate parameters. Based on non-parametric methods (rank
mean (R), standard deviation rank (SDR) and yield index ratio (YIR)) Kerman and horasan-Shomali were identified as stable ecotypes, and based on environmental variance (S2 i) and genotypic variation coefficient (CVi) parameters Khorasan-Razavi and Semnan ecotypes were diagnosed as stable while Kerman and Yazd ecotypes were categorized as unstable ecotypes. According to the results from Eberhart and Russell, Wricke's covalence
and Shukla's stability variance parameters Isfahan and Golestan ecotypes were ategorized as relatively stable ecotypes. Kerman ecotype showed specific adaptability to 24th ebruary sowing date (favorable environment) while Semnan had specific adaptability reaction to 26th December sowing date (unfavorable environment). Khorasan-Shomali showed highest sensitivity reaction to different environments (sowing dates). According to the Spearman correlation the regression coefficient (bi) showed moderate correlation coefficient with Wi and σ2 i statistics (rs = 0.567) and with other statistics in this study showed little correlation. Similar results in the study of Becker and Leon (1988) have been reported. Correlation between the deviation from regression (S2di) with Wi, σ2
i, S2 i and CVi statistics was positive and significant at 5% probability level. YIR and R statistics showed negative rank correlation and coefficient of determination (ri 2) and SDR don’t show any significant correlation coefficient with other parametric statistics. Therefore, in this study, the results of these statistics did not match with parametric methods to introduce stable ecotypes. Conclusions Isfahan and Golestan ecotypes were categorized as relatively stable ecotypes. Kerman and Semnan ecotype showed specific adaptability reaction to 24th February sowing date (favorable environment) and 26th December sowing date (unfavorable environment) respectively. Khorasan-Shomali showed highest sensitivity reaction to different sowing dates.
